SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is a pandemic that results in significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Some of those who have recovered from COVID-19 develop persistent or new symptoms that last for weeks or months; this is called "long COVID" or "Long Haulers". The most commonly reported symptoms are fatigue (53.1%), worsening quality of life (44.1%), dyspnoea (43.4%), joint pain (27.3%) and chest pain (21.7%), cough, rash, palpitations, headache, diarrhoea. Patients reported an inability to perform daily activities, as well as problems such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The prevalence of residual symptoms is about 35% in patients treated for COVID-19 on an outpatient basis, but about 87% among hospitalised patient cohorts. Follow-up of patients has identified some factors that are associated with the development of long COVID. The presence of more than 5 symptoms in the acute phase of the disease is associated with an increased risk of developing long COVID, and the presence of comorbidities increases the risk. In addition, patients with mild initial symptoms have also developed long COVID. The exact mechanism of long COVID has yet to be identified. The reason for the persistence of symptoms may be related to variability in the extent of injury (organ damage), persistence of chronic inflammation (convalescent phase) or immune response, rare persistence of the virus in the body, post-intensive syndrome, complications related to comorbidities or adverse drug effects. The aim of this document is therefore a literature review summarising the current evidence on the prevalence of symptoms, complications and management of 'long COVID' and highlighting priority areas for research.
L'infezione da SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) è una pandemia che comporta una notevole mortalità e morbilità in tutto il mondo. Alcuni di coloro che sono guariti da COVID-19 sviluppano sintomi persistenti o nuovi che durano settimane o mesi; questo è chiamato "long COVID" o "Long Haulers". I sintomi più comunemente riferiti sono: fatica (53,1%), peggioramento della qualità della vita (44,1%), dispnea (43,4%), dolore alle articolazioni (27,3%) e dolore al petto (21,7%), tosse, eruzioni cutanee, palpitazioni, mal di testa, diarrea. I pazienti riportano l'incapacità di svolgere le attività quotidiane, oltre a problemi come ansia, depressione e disturbo post traumatico da stress. La prevalenza di sintomi residui è di circa il 35% nei pazienti trattati per COVID-19 su base ambulatoriale, ma circa l'87% tra le coorti di pazienti ospedalizzati Il follow-up dei pazienti ha identificato alcuni fattori che sono associati allo sviluppo di “long COVID”. La presenza di più di 5 sintomi nella fase acuta della malattia è associata al maggior rischio di sviluppare “long COVID” così come la presenza di comorbidità ne aumenta il rischio. Inoltre anche i pazienti con sintomi lievi iniziali hanno sviluppato il “long COVID” Il meccanismo esatto del “long COVID” deve essere ancora identificato. La ragione della persistenza dei sintomi può essere legata alla variabilità dell'estensione della lesione (danno d'organo), la persistenza dell'infiammazione cronica (fase di convalescenza) o la risposta immunitaria, la rara persistenza del virus nel corpo, la sindrome post-intensiva, le complicanze legate alle comorbidità o effetti avversi dei farmaci. Scopo quindi del presente elaborato è una revisione della letteratura che riassuma l'evidenza attuale sulla prevalenza dei sintomi, le complicazioni e la gestione del “long COVID” e metta in evidenzia le aree prioritarie per la ricerca.
Sindrome del long Covid e possibili trattamenti farmacologici
DEANESI, VALERIA
2023/2024
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is a pandemic that results in significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Some of those who have recovered from COVID-19 develop persistent or new symptoms that last for weeks or months; this is called "long COVID" or "Long Haulers". The most commonly reported symptoms are fatigue (53.1%), worsening quality of life (44.1%), dyspnoea (43.4%), joint pain (27.3%) and chest pain (21.7%), cough, rash, palpitations, headache, diarrhoea. Patients reported an inability to perform daily activities, as well as problems such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. The prevalence of residual symptoms is about 35% in patients treated for COVID-19 on an outpatient basis, but about 87% among hospitalised patient cohorts. Follow-up of patients has identified some factors that are associated with the development of long COVID. The presence of more than 5 symptoms in the acute phase of the disease is associated with an increased risk of developing long COVID, and the presence of comorbidities increases the risk. In addition, patients with mild initial symptoms have also developed long COVID. The exact mechanism of long COVID has yet to be identified. The reason for the persistence of symptoms may be related to variability in the extent of injury (organ damage), persistence of chronic inflammation (convalescent phase) or immune response, rare persistence of the virus in the body, post-intensive syndrome, complications related to comorbidities or adverse drug effects. The aim of this document is therefore a literature review summarising the current evidence on the prevalence of symptoms, complications and management of 'long COVID' and highlighting priority areas for research.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73563