Mitochondria are generally considered as the powerhouse of the cell, but they also play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. Organelle dysfunction is often associated to multiple inflammatory diseases mainly through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a central component of innate immunity. This inflammasome is part of the innate immune system and detects cellular stress. When activated, it triggers inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. An impairment of this process represent alteration in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with various chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to various chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear. Factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lysosomal damage have been identified as potential triggers, but their exact interactions are still being studied. This study aims to test whether the natural compounds, namely astaxanthin (ASX) and olive leaf extract, can affect mitochondrial-related inflammation. These compounds are known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be involved in the modulation of the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The effect of ASX and olive leaf extract on the activation of the inflammasome in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was tested; the stimuli applied include lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). There was no evidence that these compounds inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation under the given conditions. Even though both present significant biological properties, their role in controlling mitochondrial-related inflammation might depend on additional factors or conditions. It sheds light on the complexity of mitochondrial signaling and further impairment will include other antigenic and known therapeutic potentials of other bioactive compounds.
I mitocondri giocano un ruolo cruciale nella produzione di energia cellulare e nella regolazione delle risposte immunitarie, in particolare nell'infiammazione. La disfunzione mitocondriale è fortemente associata a malattie infiammatorie, principalmente attraverso l'attivazione dell'inflammasoma NLRP3, un componente chiave del sistema immunitario innato. L'inflammasoma NLRP3, una volta assemblato, taglia e attiva la Caspasi 1, la quale è responsabile dell’attivazione e il rilascio di citochine pro-infiammatorie come IL-1β e IL-18. Se l’attivazione dell’inflammasoma NLRP3 non è finaemtne regolata, si possono riscontrare malattie proinfiammatorie croniche come l'Alzheimer, il diabete e l'aterosclerosi. Nonostante la vasta ricerca, i meccanismi molecolari coinvolti nell’attivazione dell'inflammasoma NLRP3 rimangono poco chiari. Fattori come la disfunzione mitocondriale, le specie reattive dell'ossigeno (ROS) e i danni lisosomiali sembrano coinvolti, ma le loro interazioni sono ancora oggetto di studio. Questo studio indaga se i composti naturali, in particolare l'Astaxantina (ASX) e l'estratto di olio d’oliva, possano influenzare l'infiammazione. Questi composti sono noti per le loro proprietà antiossidanti e anti-infiammatorie, di conseguenza potrebbero influenzare l'attività dell'inflammasoma NLRP3. Gli effetti di ASX ed estratto di olio d’oliva sono stati testati in macrofagi murini derivanti dal midollo osseo (BMDMs), durante il processo di induzione dell’inflammasoma. Tuttavia, i risultati non hanno mostrato un effetto di questi composti sull'attivazione dell'inflammasoma NLRP3 nelle condizioni date. Sebbene entrambi abbiano forti proprietà biologiche, il loro ruolo specifico nella modulazione dell'infiammazione mitocondriale potrebbe dipendere da fattori o condizioni aggiuntivi. I risultati sottolineano la complessità della segnalazione mitocondriale e suggeriscono che sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per esplorare il potenziale terapeutico di questi composti.
Effects of natural products on mitochondrial-dependent inflammation
MIRSHAHVALAD, FATEMEH
2023/2024
Abstract
Mitochondria are generally considered as the powerhouse of the cell, but they also play a crucial role in regulating the immune system. Organelle dysfunction is often associated to multiple inflammatory diseases mainly through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a central component of innate immunity. This inflammasome is part of the innate immune system and detects cellular stress. When activated, it triggers inflammation by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. An impairment of this process represent alteration in the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with various chronic diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to various chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome remain unclear. Factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lysosomal damage have been identified as potential triggers, but their exact interactions are still being studied. This study aims to test whether the natural compounds, namely astaxanthin (ASX) and olive leaf extract, can affect mitochondrial-related inflammation. These compounds are known to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be involved in the modulation of the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The effect of ASX and olive leaf extract on the activation of the inflammasome in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was tested; the stimuli applied include lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). There was no evidence that these compounds inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation under the given conditions. Even though both present significant biological properties, their role in controlling mitochondrial-related inflammation might depend on additional factors or conditions. It sheds light on the complexity of mitochondrial signaling and further impairment will include other antigenic and known therapeutic potentials of other bioactive compounds.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73670