Impatto dei pagamenti agro-climatico-ambientali sui risultati delle aziende agricole.

Since its establishment, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been concerned with supporting farmers' income and promoting rural development through specific policies. Within the CAP, agri-environmental measures have been rural development interventions that have been part of European agricultural policy since 1992, when the MacSharry reform first introduced measures to encourage farmers to use more environmentally friendly agricultural practices, with the goal of making the European agricultural system less impactful on the climate. During the 2015-2022 CAP programming cycle, among the various agri-environmental measures, there was also Measure 10 (M10), related to "agro-climatic-environmental payments." Its purpose was to promote the use of sustainable agricultural practices with greater attention to the environment and climate. M10 encouraged the adoption of more virtuous agricultural practices by granting farmers a compensatory payment for their commitment. However, at the end of the programming cycle, the use of resources available for some measures (including M10) was uneven across the different Italian regions. This research sought to understand what might explain this disparity, whether there are underlying causes, and what they might be. It was hypothesized that adherence to this measure was influenced by factors that may have generated greater or lesser interest in M10 among farmers in different Italian regions. The hypothesis underlying the research was evaluated using statistical analyses, such as statistical correlation analysis and cluster analysis, to verify a series of variables that were hypothesized to have a link with adherence to the measure. Since M10 proposed practices that were not part of conventional agricultural techniques, it is important to understand whether there are margins of convenience for farmers who decide to apply them. For this reason, the second part of the research focused on examining the economic-productive impact these practices had on the farms that decided to adopt them. This was done by conducting an analysis of the business performance of samples of farms provided by the Rete di Informazione Contabile Agricola (RICA), in order to evaluate the economic-productive impact generated by M10 on the farms that chose to adopt it. The analysis of economic-productive performance revealed that the farms that adhered to M10 experienced a decline in productivity, which varied depending on the selected crop, but this was balanced by a reduction in production costs. The statistical analyses, on the other hand, showed that the progress in spending for M10 was correlated with two factors, one political and one economic. Based on these factors, the cluster analysis revealed that the regions of Northern Italy have the greatest propensity to invest in agri-environmental measures.

Analisi delle prestazioni produttive e economiche delle aziende agricole che hanno aderito alle misure di pagamento agroambientale nel ciclo di programmazione PAC 15-22