This thesis work aims to investigate the fire scenarios in the road tunnel of vehicles powered by alternative fuel, investigating the different types of alternative fuel vehicles: compressed gases, liquified gases and batteries. Specifically, traditional liquid fuels (petrol), liquefied ones (LPG, LNG), compressed ones (CNG, compressed hydrogen), and those consisting of batteries (lithium-ion cells) will be studied. Having identified the possible risks to which these vehicles may subject motorists in the event of an accident with a tunnel fire scenario, we will begin, by analyzing the ETA (events tree analisys), to identify the possible final scenarios that the different types of fuel will be able to determine. Before moving into a quantitative analysis, a qualitative analysis will be carried out regarding the current state of the art in the literature of the sector, given the innovative field of investigation that this topic offers. From this bibliographic research we will try to clarify the limits and gaps that define a domain of investigation that is not yet well defined, especially in relation to experimentation in real tunnels. In addition to the risks that these fuels offers, we will analyze the preventive and protective systems, to combat the scenarios of fire, put in place by those who manage the tunnel organ on a daily basis, specifically the technologies used (for example the mechanical ventilation of emergency, etc). Finally, through estimates, the radiations that these alternative fuel vehicles generate on the surrounding environment will be obtained, using the most common fire models (pool-fire, fet-fire, etc); in particular towards the closer car, so as to be able to determine with a simplified approach (NFPA 555), the HRRmin which allows to define with good approximation the ignition times to which a vehicle will potentially be subjected in the earlier stages of the fire.
Questo lavoro di tesi si propone come obbiettivo quello di indagare gli scenari d’incendio in galleria stradale di veicoli alimentati a combustibile alternativo, indagando le diverse tipologie di veicoli a combustibile alternativo: gas compressi, gas liquefatti e batterie. Nello specifico saranno studiati i combustibili tradizionali liquidi (benzina e gasolio) quelli liquefatti (GPL, LNG), quelli compressi (CNG, l’idrogeno compresso), e quelli costituiti da batterie (celle agli ioni di litio). Individuati i possibili rischi ai quali questi veicoli possono sottoporre gli automobilisti in caso d’incidente con uno scenario d’incendio in galleria si inizierà, mediante l’analisi dell’albero degli eventi, ad individuare i possibili scenari finali che le diverse tipologie di combustibile potranno determinare. Prima di passare ad una analisi quantitativa, si realizzerà un’analisi qualitativa riguardante l’attuale stato dell’arte presente nella letteratura di settore, visto l’innovativo terreno d’indagine che offre questo tema. Da questa ricerca bibliografica si cercheranno di chiarire i limiti e le lacune che definiscono un dominio di indagine non ancora ben definito, soprattutto relativamente alla sperimentazione in galleria reale. Oltre ai rischi che tali carburanti offrono, si analizzerà il sistema preventivo e protettivo, per combattere gli scenari d’incendio, messo in campo da parte di chi gestisce l’organo galleria quotidianamente, nello specifico le tecnologie utilizzate (ad esempio la ventilazione meccanica d’emergenza, etc). Infine, mediate stime, saranno ricavati gli irraggiamenti che tali veicoli a combustibile alternativo generano sull’ambiente circostante, mediante i modelli più diffusi d’incendio (pool-fire, fet-fire, etc); in particolare verso l’auto più prossima, così da poter determinare con un approccio semplificato (NFPA 555), l’HRRmin che permette di definire con buona approssimazione i tempi d’ignizione a cui un veicolo sarà potenzialmente soggetto nelle prime fasi dell’incendio.
Incendi di autoveicoli in galleria: analisi dell'effetto del combustibile e dell'alimentazione
ZANOTTO, DENIS
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis work aims to investigate the fire scenarios in the road tunnel of vehicles powered by alternative fuel, investigating the different types of alternative fuel vehicles: compressed gases, liquified gases and batteries. Specifically, traditional liquid fuels (petrol), liquefied ones (LPG, LNG), compressed ones (CNG, compressed hydrogen), and those consisting of batteries (lithium-ion cells) will be studied. Having identified the possible risks to which these vehicles may subject motorists in the event of an accident with a tunnel fire scenario, we will begin, by analyzing the ETA (events tree analisys), to identify the possible final scenarios that the different types of fuel will be able to determine. Before moving into a quantitative analysis, a qualitative analysis will be carried out regarding the current state of the art in the literature of the sector, given the innovative field of investigation that this topic offers. From this bibliographic research we will try to clarify the limits and gaps that define a domain of investigation that is not yet well defined, especially in relation to experimentation in real tunnels. In addition to the risks that these fuels offers, we will analyze the preventive and protective systems, to combat the scenarios of fire, put in place by those who manage the tunnel organ on a daily basis, specifically the technologies used (for example the mechanical ventilation of emergency, etc). Finally, through estimates, the radiations that these alternative fuel vehicles generate on the surrounding environment will be obtained, using the most common fire models (pool-fire, fet-fire, etc); in particular towards the closer car, so as to be able to determine with a simplified approach (NFPA 555), the HRRmin which allows to define with good approximation the ignition times to which a vehicle will potentially be subjected in the earlier stages of the fire.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/73747