The University of Padua has recently patented an innovative food pasteurization process that employs moderate hydrostatic pressures and low temperatures together with a CO2 Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP). The main benefits of this method are that by pre-packaging the food product the risk of cross-contaminations is significantly reduced and that a lower amount of CO2 is consumed compared to the conventional HPCD treatments. In this thesis, the objective is to validate and optimize the patented process. Additionally, a comparison is made with a new packaging strategy that allows for greater contact between the sample to be pasteurized and CO2, thus enhancing the pasteurization effect. The food sample under examination is fresh-cut potatoes. Microbial inactivation analyses are conducted, supported by the inoculation of two bacteria on the sample, namely Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. Physical-chemical analyses are also performed. The operational conditions are planned according to a Design of Experiment, and statistical analysis is employed to identify the optimized parameters. These parameters are ultimately used to conduct a shelf life study. The results have shown that the new packaging more effectively eliminates microorganisms, achieving 3 log of inactivation compared to the 0.5-1 of the patented process. The influence of temperature, particularly in the case of Listeria innocua, is evident as inactivation is greater at 40°C compared to 35°C. Regarding color variation analysis, the patented method proves to be more effective: in this case, the ∆E values are around 3, whereas the new packaging reaches peaks of 12, observed whenever pressures exceed the critical pressure. The process conditions, optimized through statistical analysis, are determined in a way to obtain high levels of inactivation while keeping color changes minimal. The parameters for the patented process are 40°C, 120 bar and 25 minutes, while for the new packaging they are 40°C, 60 bar and 25 minutes. During the shelf life study, microbiological analyses yield good results for both types of packaging: after 21 days, mesophilic bacteria concentrations are of 1 log for the new packaging and of 2 log for the patented process. No significant concentrations of psychrophilic bacteria or Pseudomonas are detected. However, the color variation analyses don’t produce positive results: starting from the fourteenth day, samples begin to brown in both the patented process and the new packaging.
L'Università di Padova ha recentemente brevettato un processo di pastorizzazione alimentare innovativo, che utilizza pressioni idrostatiche moderate e temperature basse congiunte ad una “Modified Atmosphere Packaging” (MAP) con CO2. Il principale vantaggio di questo metodo è che, preconfezionando il prodotto alimentare, il rischio di contaminazioni incrociate viene notevolmente ridotto, oltre ad avere un consumo inferiore di CO2 rispetto ai trattamenti HPCD convenzionali. In questo lavoro di tesi viene posto l’obiettivo di validare ed ottimizzare il processo brevettato; viene altresì effettuato il confronto con una nuova strategia di packaging, che permette un contatto maggiore tra campione da pastorizzare e CO2, aumentando l’effetto pastorizzante. Il campione alimentare in esame è la patata tagliata a cubetti. Vengono condotte analisi di inattivazione microbica, supportate con l’utilizzo di due batteri inoculati sul campione, cioè l’Escherichia coli e la Listeria innocua. Sono condotte anche analisi chimico-fisiche. Le condizioni operative sono pianificate secondo un Design of Experiment, e tramite un’analisi statistica sono trovati i parametri ottimizzati. Questi parametri sono infine utilizzati per condurre uno studio di shelf life. I risultati hanno evidenziato che il nuovo packaging elimina in maniera più efficace i microorganismi: si riescono a raggiungere i 3 log di inattivazione in confronto agli 0.5-1 del processo brevettato. L’influenza della temperatura, soprattutto nel caso della Listeria innocua, è evidente quando si osserva che l’inattivazione è maggiore a 40°C rispetto a 35°C. Riguardo le analisi di variazione del colore, il metodo brevettato si mostra più valido: in questo caso i valori di ∆E riportati sono intorno a 3, mentre il nuovo packaging arriva a toccare picchi di 12, riscontrabili ogni volta che si opera a pressioni maggiori della pressione critica. Le condizioni di processo ottimizzate tramite l’analisi statistica sono tali da consentire elevati gradi di inattivazione, mantenendo al contempo le variazioni di colore contenute. I parametri sono 40°C, 120 bar e 25 minuti per il processo brevettato mentre per il nuovo packaging 40°C, 60 bar e 25 minuti. Nella shelf life le analisi microbiologiche hanno dato buoni risultati per entrambi i tipi di packaging: dopo 21 giorni le concentrazioni di batteri mesofili sono di 1 log nel caso del nuovo packaging e 2 log nel caso del brevetto. Non sono state rilevate concentrazioni significative di batteri psicrofili e di Pseudomonas. Tuttavia, le analisi di variazione del colore non hanno dato esiti positivi: a partire dal quattordicesimo giorno, sia con il processo brevettato che con il nuovo packaging, i campioni hanno cominciato ad imbrunirsi.
Supercritical carbon dioxide pasteurization on fresh-cut potatoes: process optimization and study of an innovative packaging
COLLINI, DAVIDE
2023/2024
Abstract
The University of Padua has recently patented an innovative food pasteurization process that employs moderate hydrostatic pressures and low temperatures together with a CO2 Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP). The main benefits of this method are that by pre-packaging the food product the risk of cross-contaminations is significantly reduced and that a lower amount of CO2 is consumed compared to the conventional HPCD treatments. In this thesis, the objective is to validate and optimize the patented process. Additionally, a comparison is made with a new packaging strategy that allows for greater contact between the sample to be pasteurized and CO2, thus enhancing the pasteurization effect. The food sample under examination is fresh-cut potatoes. Microbial inactivation analyses are conducted, supported by the inoculation of two bacteria on the sample, namely Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. Physical-chemical analyses are also performed. The operational conditions are planned according to a Design of Experiment, and statistical analysis is employed to identify the optimized parameters. These parameters are ultimately used to conduct a shelf life study. The results have shown that the new packaging more effectively eliminates microorganisms, achieving 3 log of inactivation compared to the 0.5-1 of the patented process. The influence of temperature, particularly in the case of Listeria innocua, is evident as inactivation is greater at 40°C compared to 35°C. Regarding color variation analysis, the patented method proves to be more effective: in this case, the ∆E values are around 3, whereas the new packaging reaches peaks of 12, observed whenever pressures exceed the critical pressure. The process conditions, optimized through statistical analysis, are determined in a way to obtain high levels of inactivation while keeping color changes minimal. The parameters for the patented process are 40°C, 120 bar and 25 minutes, while for the new packaging they are 40°C, 60 bar and 25 minutes. During the shelf life study, microbiological analyses yield good results for both types of packaging: after 21 days, mesophilic bacteria concentrations are of 1 log for the new packaging and of 2 log for the patented process. No significant concentrations of psychrophilic bacteria or Pseudomonas are detected. However, the color variation analyses don’t produce positive results: starting from the fourteenth day, samples begin to brown in both the patented process and the new packaging.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74518