The number of foreign minors in Italy exceeds the million. This paper analyzes two aspects of this phenomenon. First, the legal framework, detention facilities and discrimination emanating from the legislative system towards foreign minors that have committed crimes, recipients of a treatment that seems different from that of Italian minors. Secondly, the condition of unaccompanied foreign minors highlights their difficulties, the legal framework at European and Italian level and the elements that leads them to a condition of isolation from society, despite their innocence. If we give or should give for granted that the law is the equal for everyone, we can ask ourselves whether it is also its application. The answer is no. The minor, initially safe-guarded by a series of social protection policies, over the years, is transformed into a foreigner. They must face the issue of "Double Punishment": being vulnerable subjects as minors can also be processed of exclusion as migrants, evident by analyzing IPM and communities. Unaccompanied minors can be considered a more vulnerable category. They suffer strong discrimination and processes of segregation in reception centers not suited to their needs. They are often held in special facilities for adults and in places that, structurally, have the same characteristics as a prison. Recent legislation further worsens their stay in Italy. The government is facing two alternative dynamics: social control and social integration. Often the state only deals with social control, confining them from the rest of society and giving up on educational and social inclusion that it would imply care, support, mediation and growth.
Il numero di minori stranieri in Italia supera il milione. Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare due aspetti del fenomeno. Innanzitutto, il quadro legale, le strutture di detenzione e le discriminazioni del sistema legislativo nei confronti dei minori stranieri che hanno commesso dei reati, protagonisti di un trattamento che sembra diverso da quello dei minori italiani. Si evidenzia poi la realtà dei minori stranieri non accompagnati, le difficoltà, la cornice legale a livello europeo e italiano e gli elementi che li portano a vivere isolati dalla società, nonostante la loro innocenza. Se si può affermare che la legge sia la medesima per tutti, possiamo chiederci se la sia anche la sua applicazione. La risposta è negativa. Il minore, inizialmente protagonista di una serie di politiche di protezione sociale, col passare degli anni, viene trasformato in straniero. Essi devono affrontare il tema della “Doppia pena”: essere soggetti vulnerabili in qualità minorenni ed essere oggetto di processi di esclusione in quanto migranti, evidente analizzando comunità ed IPM. I minori stranieri non accompagnati si presentano come una categoria ancor più vulnerabile. Subiscono istanze discriminanti e segregative in centri di accoglienza non adeguati alle loro esigenze. Spesso sono trattenuti in impianti straordinari per adulti che, strutturalmente, hanno le stesse caratteristiche di una prigione. Recenti legislazioni peggiorano ulteriormente la loro permanenza in Italia. Il governo può adottare due dinamiche alternative: il controllo e l’integrazione sociale. Spesso lo stato si limita al controllo sociale, criminalizzandoli e segregandoli dal resto della società, rinunciando ad un percorso educativo di integrazione sociale che implicherebbe cura, supporto, mediazione e crescita.
La doppia pena: minori stranieri e minori stranieri non accompagnati tra detenzione, discriminazioni e abbandono
CIPOLLI, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
The number of foreign minors in Italy exceeds the million. This paper analyzes two aspects of this phenomenon. First, the legal framework, detention facilities and discrimination emanating from the legislative system towards foreign minors that have committed crimes, recipients of a treatment that seems different from that of Italian minors. Secondly, the condition of unaccompanied foreign minors highlights their difficulties, the legal framework at European and Italian level and the elements that leads them to a condition of isolation from society, despite their innocence. If we give or should give for granted that the law is the equal for everyone, we can ask ourselves whether it is also its application. The answer is no. The minor, initially safe-guarded by a series of social protection policies, over the years, is transformed into a foreigner. They must face the issue of "Double Punishment": being vulnerable subjects as minors can also be processed of exclusion as migrants, evident by analyzing IPM and communities. Unaccompanied minors can be considered a more vulnerable category. They suffer strong discrimination and processes of segregation in reception centers not suited to their needs. They are often held in special facilities for adults and in places that, structurally, have the same characteristics as a prison. Recent legislation further worsens their stay in Italy. The government is facing two alternative dynamics: social control and social integration. Often the state only deals with social control, confining them from the rest of society and giving up on educational and social inclusion that it would imply care, support, mediation and growth.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74898