The intensive use of copper in viticulture aims to prevent and combat infections by Plasmopara viticola, one of the most feared ampelopathies. This pathogen requires greater effort in crop protection; especially in areas where the climatic conditions are particularly favorable for its proliferation. In organic viticulture, copper represents the most effective means against downy mildew, since it plays the role of the only active ingredient that is actually effective and usable. The abundant deposition of this metal on vegetation and in the soil causes residual concentrations in musts. As a result, the presence of copper in must could adversely affect fermentation, affecting the growth and fermentative activity of yeasts. In addiction, copper directly interacts with the components of the must, forming stable complexes with amino acids and phenols, which can help to hinder fermentation, facilitate the oxidation of the must, and promote changes in the taste, colour and aroma of wine. The aim of this project is to study different real samples from a single winery, highlighting the correlations between the copper concentration in the must, the fermentation by-products and the acetaldehyde in wine, as well as the final residual copper in wine. The test was carried out by analyzing samples of must clarified by flotation and wine at the end of fermentation. An analysis of correlation was then carried out to find any links between the copper content in the must and the oenological parameters of the finished wine. One parameter that actually has a significant correlation with the starting copper is acetaldehyde. It is interesting to note that volatile acidity is not correlated with the initial copper content: considering that, copper can be a stress factor for yeast, an increase in all the parameters related to stress would be expected, including the production of acetic acid. The fact that there is an effect only on acetaldehyde, suggests that the mechanism of action of copper is much more specific and not generalized. One factor to consider is certainly the yeast strain used for fermentation, as it is known that different strains may have different copper sensitivity. This would indicate that, even if there is no direct effect of copper on the rate of fermentation, the presence of the molecule in the medium causes effects on the metabolism of the yeast.
L’ampio impiego di rame in viticoltura ha lo scopo di prevenire e contrastare le infezioni di Plasmopara viticola, una delle ampelopatie più temute. Questo patogeno richiede il maggior impegno nella difesa delle colture; soprattutto in aree dove le condizioni climatiche sono particolarmente favorevoli alla sua proliferazione. In viticoltura biologica, il rame rappresenta il mezzo di maggior efficacia contro la peronospora, poiché ricopre il ruolo di unico principio attivo realmente efficace ed utilizzabile. L’abbondante deposito di questo metallo sulla vegetazione e nel terreno ne provoca concentrazioni residue nei mosti. La presenza di rame nei mosti potrebbe condizionare negativamente la fermentazione, influendo sulla crescita e sull’attività fermentativa dei lieviti. Infatti, il rame esercita un’interazione diretta con i componenti del mosto, formando complessi stabili con aminoacidi e fenoli, che possono contribuire a ostacolare la fermentazione, agevolare l’ossidazione del mosto, e promuovere la modifica del gusto, del colore e dell'aroma del vino. L’obiettivo di questo progetto è studiare diversi campioni reali provenienti da un’unica cantina, evidenziando le correlazioni tra la concentrazione di rame nel mosto, i sottoprodotti di fermentazione e l’acetaldeide nel vino, oltre, al residuo finale di rame nel vino. La prova è stata svolta analizzando campioni di mosto chiarificato con flottazione e vino a fermentazione terminata. È stata quindi eseguita un’analisi di correlazione per trovare eventuali legami tra il contenuto di rame nel mosto e i parametri enologici del vino finito. Un parametro che effettivamente ha una correlazione significativa con il rame di partenza è l’acetaldeide. È invece interessante notare che l’acidità volatile non è correlata con il contenuto iniziale di rame: considerando che il rame può essere un fattore di stress per il lievito, ci si aspetterebbe un aumento di tutti i parametri legati allo stress, tra cui anche la produzione di acido acetico. Il fatto che invece ci sia un effetto solo sull’acetaldeide suggerisce che il meccanismo di azione del rame sia molto più specifico e non generalizzato. Un fattore da considerare è sicuramente il ceppo di lievito utilizzato per la fermentazione, in quanto è noto che ceppi diversi possono avere diversa sensibilità al rame. Questo indicherebbe che, anche se non c’è un effetto diretto del rame sulla velocità di fermentazione, la presenza della molecola nel mezzo causa, comunque, degli effetti sul metabolismo del lievito.
EFFETTO DEL CONTENUTO DI RAME NEL MOSTO SULLA FERMENTAZIONE
DI FAZIO, ANDREA
2023/2024
Abstract
The intensive use of copper in viticulture aims to prevent and combat infections by Plasmopara viticola, one of the most feared ampelopathies. This pathogen requires greater effort in crop protection; especially in areas where the climatic conditions are particularly favorable for its proliferation. In organic viticulture, copper represents the most effective means against downy mildew, since it plays the role of the only active ingredient that is actually effective and usable. The abundant deposition of this metal on vegetation and in the soil causes residual concentrations in musts. As a result, the presence of copper in must could adversely affect fermentation, affecting the growth and fermentative activity of yeasts. In addiction, copper directly interacts with the components of the must, forming stable complexes with amino acids and phenols, which can help to hinder fermentation, facilitate the oxidation of the must, and promote changes in the taste, colour and aroma of wine. The aim of this project is to study different real samples from a single winery, highlighting the correlations between the copper concentration in the must, the fermentation by-products and the acetaldehyde in wine, as well as the final residual copper in wine. The test was carried out by analyzing samples of must clarified by flotation and wine at the end of fermentation. An analysis of correlation was then carried out to find any links between the copper content in the must and the oenological parameters of the finished wine. One parameter that actually has a significant correlation with the starting copper is acetaldehyde. It is interesting to note that volatile acidity is not correlated with the initial copper content: considering that, copper can be a stress factor for yeast, an increase in all the parameters related to stress would be expected, including the production of acetic acid. The fact that there is an effect only on acetaldehyde, suggests that the mechanism of action of copper is much more specific and not generalized. One factor to consider is certainly the yeast strain used for fermentation, as it is known that different strains may have different copper sensitivity. This would indicate that, even if there is no direct effect of copper on the rate of fermentation, the presence of the molecule in the medium causes effects on the metabolism of the yeast.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/74931