Background: Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric disorders characterized by a multifactorial and complex etiology. Previous studies have shown an association between ED and childhood traumatic experiences, as well as specific personality traits, such as perfectionism, impulsivity, and low self-esteem, suggesting that such factors may increase the risk of onset and maintenance of these disorders. Some authors hypothesize that ED patients who have experienced childhood trauma may present distinctive clinical and psychological features, potentially helping to explain the limited effectiveness of currently available treatments. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between childhood abuse and maltreatment experiences and personality traits in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). It was hypothesized that most patients would report a history of childhood trauma and that those who reported such events would have greater clinical severity and more dysfunctional personality profiles. Materials and Methods: 105 patients diagnosed with AN or BN were recruited from a specialized center, and several self-report questionnaires (EDE-Q, CTQ, TCI-140, PID-5) were administered to them during the first week of hospitalization. Several statistical analyses were conducted to assess the association between traumatic experiences, personality traits and specific symptomatology. Results: The results supported the study's hypotheses, showing a high prevalence of traumatic experiences among individuals with ED, particularly among BN patients. The latter reported higher levels of emotional abuse and neglect than AN patients. Additionally, higher levels of abuse and maltreatment were associated with greater clinical severity of the disorder, as well as more dysfunctional personality traits configuration. Specifically, patients reporting traumatic experiences exhibited higher levels of novelty seeking and lower levels of self-directedness compared to those without trauma. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering the impact of childhood trauma in the clinical presentation of ED patients, highlighting the need for a comprehensive assessment and integrated therapeutic interventions, able to address both specific symptomatology and potential post-traumatic symptoms. Further studies will be needed to explore the underlying mechanisms between trauma and ED, with the goal of developing more personalized and effective intervention programs.
Presupposti dello studio: i disturbi dell’alimentazione (DA) sono gravi patologie psichiatriche, caratterizzate da un’eziologia multifattoriale e complessa. Studi precedenti hanno evidenziato un’associazione tra i DA e le esperienze traumatiche infantili, così come con tratti di personalità specifici, quali impulsività, perfezionismo e bassa autostima, suggerendo che tali fattori possano incrementare il rischio di insorgenza e mantenimento di questi disturbi. Alcuni autori ipotizzano che i pazienti con DA che abbiano subito traumi infantili possano presentare caratteristiche cliniche e psicologiche distintive, potenzialmente utili a spiegare l'efficacia limitata dei trattamenti attualmente disponibili. Obiettivo: lo scopo di questo studio è quello di analizzare le associazioni tra esperienze di abuso e maltrattamenti infantili e i tratti di personalità in pazienti con anoressia nervosa (AN) o bulimia nervosa (BN). Si ipotizzava che la maggior parte dei pazienti avrebbe riportato una storia di traumi infantili e che coloro i quali riferivano tali eventi presentassero una maggiore gravità clinica e un profilo di personalità più disfunzionale. Materiali e metodi: sono state reclutate 105 pazienti con diagnosi di AN o BN da un centro specializzato, alle quali sono stati somministrati vari questionari self-report (EDE-Q, CTQ, TCI-140, PID-5) durante la prima settimana di ricovero. Diverse analisi statistiche sono state condotte per valutare l’associazione tra la presenza di esperienze traumatiche, i tratti di personalità e la sintomatologia specifica. Risultati: i risultati hanno supportato le ipotesi dello studio, evidenziando un’elevata prevalenza di esperienze traumatiche tra i soggetti con DA, in particolare tra i pazienti con BN. Quest’ultimi hanno riportato livelli più elevati di abuso e trascuratezza di tipo emotivo rispetto ai pazienti con AN. Inoltre, livelli più elevati di abuso e maltrattamento erano associati ad una maggiore gravità clinica del disturbo, nonché ad una configurazione di tratti di personalità più disfunzionale. Nello specifico, emergevano livelli più alti di ricerca di novità e più bassi di autodirezionalità rispetto ai pazienti che non riportavano traumi. Conclusioni: i dati di questo studio sottolineano l’importanza di considerare l’impatto dei traumi infantili nella presentazione clinica dei pazienti con DA, evidenziando la necessità di una valutazione approfondita e di interventi terapeutici integrati, in grado di affrontare sia la sintomatologia specifica che eventuali sintomi post-traumatici. Ulteriori studi saranno necessari per esplorare i meccanismi sottostanti le associazioni tra traumi e DA, al fine di sviluppare programmi di intervento più personalizzati ed efficaci.
Traumi, Tratti di Personalità e Disturbi Alimentari: Uno studio su pazienti con Anoressia e Bulimia Nervosa
FERRARO, GAIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric disorders characterized by a multifactorial and complex etiology. Previous studies have shown an association between ED and childhood traumatic experiences, as well as specific personality traits, such as perfectionism, impulsivity, and low self-esteem, suggesting that such factors may increase the risk of onset and maintenance of these disorders. Some authors hypothesize that ED patients who have experienced childhood trauma may present distinctive clinical and psychological features, potentially helping to explain the limited effectiveness of currently available treatments. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between childhood abuse and maltreatment experiences and personality traits in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). It was hypothesized that most patients would report a history of childhood trauma and that those who reported such events would have greater clinical severity and more dysfunctional personality profiles. Materials and Methods: 105 patients diagnosed with AN or BN were recruited from a specialized center, and several self-report questionnaires (EDE-Q, CTQ, TCI-140, PID-5) were administered to them during the first week of hospitalization. Several statistical analyses were conducted to assess the association between traumatic experiences, personality traits and specific symptomatology. Results: The results supported the study's hypotheses, showing a high prevalence of traumatic experiences among individuals with ED, particularly among BN patients. The latter reported higher levels of emotional abuse and neglect than AN patients. Additionally, higher levels of abuse and maltreatment were associated with greater clinical severity of the disorder, as well as more dysfunctional personality traits configuration. Specifically, patients reporting traumatic experiences exhibited higher levels of novelty seeking and lower levels of self-directedness compared to those without trauma. Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering the impact of childhood trauma in the clinical presentation of ED patients, highlighting the need for a comprehensive assessment and integrated therapeutic interventions, able to address both specific symptomatology and potential post-traumatic symptoms. Further studies will be needed to explore the underlying mechanisms between trauma and ED, with the goal of developing more personalized and effective intervention programs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75231