Loneliness and social isolation are a major risk factor for both physical and mental health. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness and their health risks: with population aging, this problem is likely to increase. This vulnerability has also been detected among the elderly population of the Municipality of Padua. The problem of loneliness and social isolation of the elderly has been addressed in the scientific literature with different types of interventions. One possible approach consists of intergenerational mentoring and service-learning interventions that connect young adults and elderly people. The present work aims to evaluate whether an intervention of this type can be useful to improve the social relationships of the elderly, while representing at the same time an educational opportunity for university students, in the context of Padua. In particular, this objective is expressed in two research questions: 1) Are there studies in the literature on mentoring or service-learning interventions that target young adults and the elderly, and that evaluated the effects, or found benefits, on the social relationships of the elderly? What are the key characteristics of these interventions and what are their common and distinctive factors? 2) What are the possible opportunities and critical issues for the implementation of such an intervention in the context of Padua? In order to answer the first question, a systematic review of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021), with a search in Scopus, PsycInfo, PubMed and Google Scholar in February 2024. The review included English language reports of empirical studies, both quantitative, qualitative or mixed, published in peer-reviewed journals or conferences, which concerned mentoring or service-learning interventions targeting university students/young adults and older adults and which evaluated or found benefits of the intervention on older adults’s social relationships. A total of 337 records were identified, of which 28 were included in the review, which presented and evaluated 25 programs. The results were summarized with a narrative-textual approach. To answer the second question, an interview was conducted with an operator of the Prisma Project, a project of the Social Services Sector of the Municipality of Padua, aimed at identifying the needs of the population and offering integrated responses through participatory processes, with a community development perspective. The content analysis of the interview, carried out following the general inductive approach described by Thomas (2006), allowed to identify three main themes, with 10 sub-themes. Overall, the results of the review show how intergenerational mentoring and SL interventions have the potential to promote the social relationships of the elderly and can represent a useful training tool for students. In particular, this type of intervention is applicable and can be useful also in the context of Padua and in particular for some neighbourhoods where the problem is particularly felt: the institutional context, the partnership between universities and local institutions and the ability to build proximity relationships will play an important role in its feasibility.
La solitudine e l’isolamento sociale costituiscono un importante fattore di rischio per la salute sia fisica che mentale. Una popolazione particolarmente vulnerabile all’isolamento sociale e alla solitudine e ai loro rischi per la salute è quella degli anziani: con l’invecchiamento della popolazione, questo problema è destinato ad aumentare. Questa vulnerabilità è stata rilevata anche nella popolazione anziana del Comune di Padova. Il problema della solitudine e dell’isolamento sociale degli anziani è stato affrontato nella letteratura scientifica con diverse tipologie di interventi. Un possibile approccio sono gli interventi di mentoring e di service-learning intergenerazionali che mettono in contatto giovani adulti e anziani. Il presente lavoro ha l’obiettivo di valutare se un intervento di questo tipo possa essere utile per migliorare le relazioni sociali degli anziani, costituendo allo stesso tempo un’opportunità formativa per gli studenti universitari, nel contesto padovano. In particolare, questo obiettivo si declina in due domande di ricerca: 1) Esistono già, in letteratura, studi su interventi di mentoring o service-learning che abbiano come target giovani adulti e anziani, e che abbiano valutato gli effetti, o trovato dei benefici, sulle relazioni sociali degli anziani? Quali sono le caratteristiche-chiave di questi interventi e quali i fattori che li accomunano o che li distinguono? 2) Quali sono le possibili opportunità e le criticità per l’implementazione di un intervento di questo tipo nel contesto padovano? Al fine di rispondere alla prima domanda, è stata svolta una revisione sistematica della letteratura seguendo le linee guida PRISMA (Page et al., 2021), con una ricerca in Scopus, PsycInfo, PubMed e Google Scholar nel mese di febbraio 2024. Sono stati inclusi report in lingua inglese di studi empirici sia quantitativi che qualitativi o misti, pubblicati su riviste o conferenze peer reviewed, che riguardavano interventi di mentoring o di service-learning con target studenti universitari/giovani adulti e persone anziane e che valutassero o trovassero dei benefici dell’intervento sulle relazioni sociali degli anziani. Sono stati identificati in totale 337 record, di cui 28 sono stati inclusi nella revisione, che presentavano e valutavano 25 programmi. Per rispondere alla seconda domanda, è stata svolta un’intervista con un operatore del Progetto Prisma, progetto del Settore Servizi Sociali del Comune di Padova, volto a rilevare i bisogni della popolazione e ad offrirvi delle risposte integrate attraverso processi partecipativi, in un’ottica di sviluppo di comunità. L’analisi del contenuto dell’intervista, eseguita seguendo l’approccio induttivo generale descritto da Thomas (2006) ha permesso di individuare tre temi principali, con 10 sotto-temi: i temi principali riguardavano 1) il profilo e i bisogni degli anziani, 2) le sfide e le risorse per coinvolgere gli studenti e 3) le opportunità e criticità del contesto. Nel complesso, i risultati della revisione mostrano come gli interventi di mentoring e SL intergenerazionali abbiano il potenziale di promuovere le relazioni sociali degli anziani e possano rappresentare un utile strumento formativo per gli studenti. In particolare, questa tipologia di interventi è applicabile e può essere utile anche nel contesto di Padova e in particolare per alcuni quartieri dove il problema è particolarmente sentito: il contesto istituzionale, la partnership tra università e istituzioni del territorio e la capacità di costruire relazioni di prossimità giocheranno un ruolo importante nella sua realizzabilità.
Interventi di mentoring e service-learning intergenerazionali per migliorare le relazioni sociali degli anziani: una revisione sistematica della letteratura e un'analisi del contesto padovano
CONCOLATO, MARTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation are a major risk factor for both physical and mental health. The elderly are particularly vulnerable to social isolation and loneliness and their health risks: with population aging, this problem is likely to increase. This vulnerability has also been detected among the elderly population of the Municipality of Padua. The problem of loneliness and social isolation of the elderly has been addressed in the scientific literature with different types of interventions. One possible approach consists of intergenerational mentoring and service-learning interventions that connect young adults and elderly people. The present work aims to evaluate whether an intervention of this type can be useful to improve the social relationships of the elderly, while representing at the same time an educational opportunity for university students, in the context of Padua. In particular, this objective is expressed in two research questions: 1) Are there studies in the literature on mentoring or service-learning interventions that target young adults and the elderly, and that evaluated the effects, or found benefits, on the social relationships of the elderly? What are the key characteristics of these interventions and what are their common and distinctive factors? 2) What are the possible opportunities and critical issues for the implementation of such an intervention in the context of Padua? In order to answer the first question, a systematic review of the literature was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021), with a search in Scopus, PsycInfo, PubMed and Google Scholar in February 2024. The review included English language reports of empirical studies, both quantitative, qualitative or mixed, published in peer-reviewed journals or conferences, which concerned mentoring or service-learning interventions targeting university students/young adults and older adults and which evaluated or found benefits of the intervention on older adults’s social relationships. A total of 337 records were identified, of which 28 were included in the review, which presented and evaluated 25 programs. The results were summarized with a narrative-textual approach. To answer the second question, an interview was conducted with an operator of the Prisma Project, a project of the Social Services Sector of the Municipality of Padua, aimed at identifying the needs of the population and offering integrated responses through participatory processes, with a community development perspective. The content analysis of the interview, carried out following the general inductive approach described by Thomas (2006), allowed to identify three main themes, with 10 sub-themes. Overall, the results of the review show how intergenerational mentoring and SL interventions have the potential to promote the social relationships of the elderly and can represent a useful training tool for students. In particular, this type of intervention is applicable and can be useful also in the context of Padua and in particular for some neighbourhoods where the problem is particularly felt: the institutional context, the partnership between universities and local institutions and the ability to build proximity relationships will play an important role in its feasibility.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75366