Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for around 30% of global cases. First-line therapy R-CHOP results in complete remission in 70% of patients, however, the remaining 30% develop relapses or refractory DLBCL (r/r DLBCL), with bone marrow involvement recognised as a negative prognostic factor and reduced response to available therapies. To investigate the role of the microenvironment in DLBCL chemoresistance, a bone-based 3D scaffold has been previously developed from human decellularized femoral bone fragments in order to reproduce in-vitro the bone-marrow microenvironment (BMM). Moreover, the model has been exploited to demonstrate that lymphoma cells adhering to the bone scaffold respond differently to chemotherapeutic treatment based on the extracellular matrix (ECM)/ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) settings and their cell-of-origin (COO) subtypes. Specifically, previous published studies conducted on OCI-LY18 cell line revealed that the adhesion to either the 3D ECM or the 3D ECM/MSCs model conferred protection against the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin. To gain deeper insights into the differential cellular adhesion and proliferation within the 3D model based on cell of origin subtype, two additional cell lines have been used in this project: OCI-LY1 (GCB-like) and RIVA (ABC-like). Interestingly, the results demonstrated that both cell lines adhered, adapted, and proliferated within the 3D model, exhibiting similar levels of attachment and growth. Furthermore, OCI-LY1 and RIVA cells showed comparable cellular behaviour under both 2D and 3D conditions after 72 hours post-seeding. Noteworthy, preliminary cytofluorimetric annexin V analysis performed on OCI-LY1 cell lines revealed a visible trend of decreased apoptosis in lymphoma cells adhered to the 3D ECM/MSCs models compared to the 2D control culture, suggesting a similar response to ibrutinib treatment as previously observed in the GCB-like OCI-LY18 cell line. To further point out the underlying mechanisms at the basis of DLBCL cell-cell and cell-BMM interactions in a more physiological context than static cultures, a fluidic system has been set up. Future developments and improvements of the 3D bone-based in-vitro model, along with fluidic systems, could help identifying new therapeutic targets based on cell-of-origin subtypes, leading to personalised treatment strategies for patients.
Il linfoma diffuso a grandi cellule B (DLBCL) è il linfoma non-Hodgkin più comune, rappresentando circa il 30% dei casi a livello mondiale. Il trattamento di prima linea con terapia R-CHOP porta alla remissione completa nel 70% dei casi, mentre il restante 30% risulta recidivo o sviluppa malattia refrattaria (r/r DLBCL), con il coinvolgimento del midollo osseo che viene riconosciuto come un fattore prognostico sfavorevole e associato a una ridotta risposta alle terapie disponibili. Per approfondire il ruolo del microambiente nello sviluppo di chemioresistenza nel DLBCL, è stato in precedenza sviluppato un modello 3D utilizzando tessuto osseo femorale umano decellularizzato, con l'obiettivo di ricreare in- vitro il microambiente midollare (BMM). Questo modello è stato utilizzato per dimostrare che le cellule di linfoma rispondono diversamente al trattamento chemioterapico sulla base del loro sottotipo di origine (COO) e della loro adesione al modello decellularizzato (3D ECM) o ricellularizzato con cellule mesenchimali stromali (ECM/MSCs). In particolare, studi precedenti sulla linea cellulare OCI-LY18 hanno dimostrato che l'adesione al modello 3D ECM o 3D ECM/MSCs forniva protezione dagli effetti citotossici della doxorubicina. Per valutare ulteriormente la capacità di adesione e di proliferazione delle cellule nel modello 3D in relazione ai sottotipi cellulari, sono state utilizzate due ulteriori linee cellulari: OCI-LY1 (sottotipo GCB) e RIVA (sottotipo ABC). Da questo studio è emerso che entrambe le linee cellulari sono in grado di aderire, adattarsi e proliferare nel modello 3D, mostrando livelli di adesione e crescita simili. Inoltre, le cellule OCI-LY1 e RIVA hanno mostrato un comportamento simile sia in colture bidimensionali (2D) che tridimensionali (3D) dopo 72 ore dalla semina di entrambe le condizioni. Un dato significativo è stato ottenuto dall'analisi preliminare citofluorimetrica dell'annessina V sulla linea cellulare OCI-LY1, che ha evidenziato una tendenza alla riduzione dell’apoptosi nelle cellule di linfoma in adesione al modello 3D ECM/MSCs rispetto alla coltura 2D, suggerendo una risposta simile al trattamento con ibrutinib, come già osservato nella linea cellulare OCI-LY18, anch'essa di tipo GCB. Per indagare ulteriormente i meccanismi alla base delle interazioni tra le cellule tumorali e il microambiente midollare (BMM) in un contesto più simile alle condizioni in-vivo rispetto alle colture statiche, è stato sviluppato un sistema fluidico. I futuri sviluppi e il perfezionamento di questo modello tridimensionale in-vitro, insieme all'utilizzo di sistemi fluidici, potrebbero facilitare l'identificazione di nuovi bersagli terapeutici specifici per i diversi sottotipi cellulari, aprendo la strada a strategie di trattamento personalizzate per i pazienti.
Investigating DLBCL Cell-Microenvironment Interactions Using a Biological 3D In Vitro Model: Insights into Cell Adhesion, Drug Response and Fluidic System Set Up
PIANALTO, SABRINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for around 30% of global cases. First-line therapy R-CHOP results in complete remission in 70% of patients, however, the remaining 30% develop relapses or refractory DLBCL (r/r DLBCL), with bone marrow involvement recognised as a negative prognostic factor and reduced response to available therapies. To investigate the role of the microenvironment in DLBCL chemoresistance, a bone-based 3D scaffold has been previously developed from human decellularized femoral bone fragments in order to reproduce in-vitro the bone-marrow microenvironment (BMM). Moreover, the model has been exploited to demonstrate that lymphoma cells adhering to the bone scaffold respond differently to chemotherapeutic treatment based on the extracellular matrix (ECM)/ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) settings and their cell-of-origin (COO) subtypes. Specifically, previous published studies conducted on OCI-LY18 cell line revealed that the adhesion to either the 3D ECM or the 3D ECM/MSCs model conferred protection against the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin. To gain deeper insights into the differential cellular adhesion and proliferation within the 3D model based on cell of origin subtype, two additional cell lines have been used in this project: OCI-LY1 (GCB-like) and RIVA (ABC-like). Interestingly, the results demonstrated that both cell lines adhered, adapted, and proliferated within the 3D model, exhibiting similar levels of attachment and growth. Furthermore, OCI-LY1 and RIVA cells showed comparable cellular behaviour under both 2D and 3D conditions after 72 hours post-seeding. Noteworthy, preliminary cytofluorimetric annexin V analysis performed on OCI-LY1 cell lines revealed a visible trend of decreased apoptosis in lymphoma cells adhered to the 3D ECM/MSCs models compared to the 2D control culture, suggesting a similar response to ibrutinib treatment as previously observed in the GCB-like OCI-LY18 cell line. To further point out the underlying mechanisms at the basis of DLBCL cell-cell and cell-BMM interactions in a more physiological context than static cultures, a fluidic system has been set up. Future developments and improvements of the 3D bone-based in-vitro model, along with fluidic systems, could help identifying new therapeutic targets based on cell-of-origin subtypes, leading to personalised treatment strategies for patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75402