Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox-active lipid involved in electron transfer from complexes I and II to complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CoQ is synthesised in all cells by COQ genes. COQ4 is responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation reaction of the benzene ring of CoQ. Primary CoQ deficiency is an heterogeneous group of multisystem diseases caused by pathogenic variants in COQ genes. In this project, the yeast S. cerevisiae was used to characterise point variants in COQ4 in order to validate their pathogenicity and confirm its functional role. The yeast model was obtained by deleting the endogenous COQ4 gene and expressing a hybrid construct containing the mitochondrial import signal of yeast Coq4 and the functional domain of the human COQ4. The variants of interest were introduced into hybrid COQ4 by site-directed mutagenesis. These strains were tested by functional complementation (spot test) to assess the ability of each to recover the respiratory function. In addition, the expression levels of the mutated proteins were analysed by Western Blot. From the results, it was observed that almost all variants found in the patients and all variants in the COQ4 catalytic site, inhibited the growth of the corresponding yeasts in the spot test. Only the Arg102His and Cys231Tyr variants, which are associated with a milder phenotype in patients, partially preserve the functionality of the protein. These results confirm the fundamental role of specific residues in the COQ4 catalytic site, in the synthesis of CoQ and allow us to assert that the analysed variants are presumably pathogenic.
Il Coenzima Q (CoQ) è un lipide che funziona come trasportatore di elettroni dai complessi I e II al complesso III della catena respiratoria mitocondriale. Il CoQ è sintetizzato in tutte le cellule dai geni COQ. In particolare, COQ4 è responsabile della reazione di decarbossilazione ossidativa dell’anello benzenico di CoQ. Il deficit primario di CoQ è un gruppo eterogeneo di malattie multisistemiche causate da varianti patogeniche nei geni COQ. In questo progetto è stato utilizzato il lievito S. cerevisiae per caratterizzare varianti puntiformi in COQ4 allo scopo di validarne la patogenicità e confermarne il ruolo funzionale. Il modello di lievito è stato ottenuto eliminando il gene COQ4 endogeno ed esprimendo un costrutto ibrido contenente la sequenza di indirizzamento al mitocondrio della proteina di lievito e il dominio funzionale della proteina umana. In esso, mediante mutagenesi sito-specifica, sono state introdotte le varianti di interesse. Tali ceppi sono stati testati mediante complementazione funzionale (spot test), per valutare la capacità di ciascuno di recuperare o meno la funzionalità respiratoria. Inoltre, i livelli di espressione delle proteine mutate sono stati analizzati mediante Western Blot. Dai risultati si è osservato che quasi tutte le varianti riscontrate nei pazienti e tutte le varianti nel sito catalitico di COQ4 inibiscono la crescita dei corrispondenti lieviti nello spot test. Solo le varianti Arg102His e Cys231Tyr, associate a un fenotipo più lieve nei pazienti, preservano parzialmente la funzionalità della proteina. Tali risultati confermano il ruolo fondamentale di alcuni residui nel sito catalitico di COQ4 nella sintesi di CoQ, e permettono di asserire che le varianti analizzate sono presumibilmente patogeniche.
Caratterizzazione funzionale di varianti del gene COQ4 in pazienti con deficit di Coenzima Q10
SARTO, ERICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox-active lipid involved in electron transfer from complexes I and II to complex III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. CoQ is synthesised in all cells by COQ genes. COQ4 is responsible for the oxidative decarboxylation reaction of the benzene ring of CoQ. Primary CoQ deficiency is an heterogeneous group of multisystem diseases caused by pathogenic variants in COQ genes. In this project, the yeast S. cerevisiae was used to characterise point variants in COQ4 in order to validate their pathogenicity and confirm its functional role. The yeast model was obtained by deleting the endogenous COQ4 gene and expressing a hybrid construct containing the mitochondrial import signal of yeast Coq4 and the functional domain of the human COQ4. The variants of interest were introduced into hybrid COQ4 by site-directed mutagenesis. These strains were tested by functional complementation (spot test) to assess the ability of each to recover the respiratory function. In addition, the expression levels of the mutated proteins were analysed by Western Blot. From the results, it was observed that almost all variants found in the patients and all variants in the COQ4 catalytic site, inhibited the growth of the corresponding yeasts in the spot test. Only the Arg102His and Cys231Tyr variants, which are associated with a milder phenotype in patients, partially preserve the functionality of the protein. These results confirm the fundamental role of specific residues in the COQ4 catalytic site, in the synthesis of CoQ and allow us to assert that the analysed variants are presumably pathogenic.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75405