Introduction: Falls are among the most frequent adverse events in the elderly population and, if we consider how a simple fall can alter the delicate psychophysical and functional balance to the point of leading to the loss of personal autonomy, we easily understand the importance of the problem. The guidelines identify all subjects residing in care homes as being at high risk; since it is a syndrome with a multifactorial genesis, the literature has long suggested that the most correct approach is a multidisciplinary one. It therefore becomes necessary for physiotherapists who work in the contexts of care homes and intermediate care facilities to know the literature in order to identify the causes and possibilities of intervention with the aim of counteracting the risk of falling. Objective: The aim of the study is to carry out an analysis via questionnaire regarding the practices implemented by physiotherapists to prevent falls in geriatric patients and compare them with the most recent international guidelines. Materials and methods: Starting from an analysis of the literature, a Google questionnaire was constructed; this questionnaire was pre-tested and then administered anonymously to physiotherapists of care homes and intermediate care structures participating in the project in the province of Padua. Results: From the data collected through the questionnaire it was possible to discover that, as recommended by the guidelines, physiotherapists are used to interacting with both other figures of the healthcare team and with caregivers. Opinions regarding the category of risk of falling in which to place care homes residents and patients in intermediate care facilities are heterogeneous and, similarly, beliefs about the effectiveness of physical restraints are diversified. Most physiotherapists habitually investigate beliefs and fears regarding falls and their causes. Conclusions: Although most physiotherapists declare that they do not follow national or international guidelines, through their good clinical practice they embody the fundamental principles by involving the team and using standardized assessment tools and correct clinical reasoning. As proof of the good quality of care we have the presence and use of standardized protocols specific to healthcare facilities.
Introduzione: Le cadute sono tra gli eventi avversi più frequenti nella popolazione anziana e, se consideriamo come una semplice caduta possa alterare il delicato equilibrio psicofisico e funzionale fino a portare alla perdita dell’autonomia personale, capiamo facilmente l’importanza del problema. Le linee guida individuano tutti i soggetti residenti in RSA come ad elevato rischio; trattandosi di una sindrome a genesi multifattoriale, la letteratura da tempo suggerisce che l'approccio più corretto è quello multidisciplinare. Diventa, perciò, necessario per fisioterapisti che operano nei contesti delle RSA e delle strutture di cura intermedie ospedale - territorio la conoscenza della letteratura al fine di individuare le cause e le possibilità di intervento con lo scopo di contrastare il rischio di caduta. Scopo della tesi: L’obiettivo dello studio è effettuare un’analisi tramite questionario riguardo alle pratiche attuate dai fisioterapisti per prevenire le cadute nel paziente geriatrico e confrontarle con le più recenti linee guida internazionali. Materiali e metodi: A partire da un'analisi della letteratura è stato costruito un questionario Google; tale questionario è stato pre-testato e successivamente somministrato in forma anonima ai fisioterapisti delle RSA e delle strutture intermedie ospedale-territorio aderenti al progetto nella provincia di Padova. Risultati: Dai dati raccolti tramite il questionario è stato possibile scoprire che, come consigliato dalle linee guida, i fisioterapisti sono abituati a confrontarsi sia con le altre figure dell'équipe sanitaria sia con i caregivers. Risultano eterogenee le opinioni riguardo alla categoria di rischio di caduta nella quale far ricadere i residenti delle RSA e i ricoverati nelle strutture intermedie e, allo stesso modo, sono diversificate le convinzioni sull’efficacia delle contenzioni fisiche. La maggior parte dei fisioterapisti indaga abitualmente le convinzioni e le paure rispetto alle cadute e alle loro cause. Conclusioni: Sebbene la maggior parte dei fisioterapisti dichiari di non seguire le linee guida nè nazionali nè internazionali, attraverso la loro buona pratica clinica ne incarnano i principi fondamentali coinvolgendo l’equipe e utilizzando gli strumenti di valutazione standardizzati e il corretto ragionamento clinico. A riprova della buona qualità assistenziale abbiamo la presenza e l’utilizzo di protocolli standardizzati propri delle strutture sanitarie.
Anziani non autosufficienti e prevenzione delle cadute: analisi delle pratiche fisioterapiche nelle strutture residenziali della provincia di Padova
RAMAZZINA, DAVIDE
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Falls are among the most frequent adverse events in the elderly population and, if we consider how a simple fall can alter the delicate psychophysical and functional balance to the point of leading to the loss of personal autonomy, we easily understand the importance of the problem. The guidelines identify all subjects residing in care homes as being at high risk; since it is a syndrome with a multifactorial genesis, the literature has long suggested that the most correct approach is a multidisciplinary one. It therefore becomes necessary for physiotherapists who work in the contexts of care homes and intermediate care facilities to know the literature in order to identify the causes and possibilities of intervention with the aim of counteracting the risk of falling. Objective: The aim of the study is to carry out an analysis via questionnaire regarding the practices implemented by physiotherapists to prevent falls in geriatric patients and compare them with the most recent international guidelines. Materials and methods: Starting from an analysis of the literature, a Google questionnaire was constructed; this questionnaire was pre-tested and then administered anonymously to physiotherapists of care homes and intermediate care structures participating in the project in the province of Padua. Results: From the data collected through the questionnaire it was possible to discover that, as recommended by the guidelines, physiotherapists are used to interacting with both other figures of the healthcare team and with caregivers. Opinions regarding the category of risk of falling in which to place care homes residents and patients in intermediate care facilities are heterogeneous and, similarly, beliefs about the effectiveness of physical restraints are diversified. Most physiotherapists habitually investigate beliefs and fears regarding falls and their causes. Conclusions: Although most physiotherapists declare that they do not follow national or international guidelines, through their good clinical practice they embody the fundamental principles by involving the team and using standardized assessment tools and correct clinical reasoning. As proof of the good quality of care we have the presence and use of standardized protocols specific to healthcare facilities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75773