PROBLEM: Nowadays, mental disorders are the most widespread diseases in the world (WHO, 2022) and subjects suffering from psychiatric pathologies are often labeled with negative characteristics. It has been shown that stigma on the part of healthcare staff represents a real obstacle to treatment and care. PURPOSE: The objective of my thesis is to analyze, through a questionnaire, the attitudes of first and third year Nursing students towards patients with a psychiatric diagnosis in order to evaluate the presence of stigma. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive-observational study. SAMPLE AND SETTING: I invite first and third year nursing students (for a total of 304 possible participants) to respond to the validated questionnaire “Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI)”, developed by Taylor and Dear in 1981 to measure community attitudes towards people with a psychiatric diagnosis. The questionnaire was administered online with the Google Forms program, as the link for completing it was made easier to distribute among the groups of the two courses. The CAMI is composed of 40 statements regarding the degree of acceptance of patients with mental disorders in the community. Responses are based on a 5-point Likert scale where 1 indicates total agreement and 5 indicates total disagreement. In the introduction, some questions were included to understand their sociodemographic characteristics (including sex, age, marital status, educational level, religion, family crowding index, economic condition, area of residence and familiarity with people diagnosed with disorders mental) to evaluate a possible correlation of stigma, as this has been demonstrated in many articles of my research. RESULTS: The students who participated in the survey were 60 enrolled in the first year and 60 enrolled in the third, in both cases 20% male and 80% female. For all the variables surveyed the sample appeared homogeneous, only "Age", "School level" and "Religion" were further analysed, as; in the third year, students enrolled who demonstrate an age between 30 and 49 are more than double those enrolled in the first, with also 3% of students aged between 50 and 69. The academic level of third year students is more varied than first year students, with 5% having a Master's degree and 2% Other. Finally, in the first year different religions emerged that students believe in, compared to the third where the answers were only "Atheism" and "Christianity". CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results collected in the "CAMI" areas it is possible to conclude that higher scores in the areas of Authoritarianism and Social Restriction reveal an unfavorable attitude, therefore the first year of studies with a score difference of +152 points and + respectively 59, compared to the results of the third year, shows that they are adopting more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders. Keywords: stigma, mental illness, nursing students
PROBLEMA: Al giorno d’oggi, i disturbi mentali sono le malattie più diffuse nel mondo (OMS, 2022) e spesso i soggetti affetti da patologie psichiatriche vengono etichettati con caratteristiche negative. È stato dimostrato come lo stigma da parte del personale curante rappresenti un vero e proprio ostacolo al trattamento e alla loro cura. SCOPO: L’obiettivo della mia tesi è analizzare attraverso un questionario gli atteggiamenti degli studenti del primo e terzo anno di Infermieristica nei confronti dei pazienti con diagnosi psichiatrica per arrivare a valutarne la presenza dello stigma. DISEGNO DELLO STUDIO: Studio di tipo descrittivo - osservazionale. CAMPIONE E SETTING: Invio invito agli studenti di infermieristica del primo e del terzo anno (per un totale di 304 possibili partecipanti) a rispondere al questionario validato “Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI)”, sviluppato da Taylor e Dear nel 1981 per misurare gli atteggiamenti della comunità nei confronti delle persone con una diagnosi psichiatrica. Il questionario è stato somministrato online con il programma Google moduli, in quanto il link per la compilazione è stato reso più facile da distribuire nei gruppi dei due corsi. Il CAMI è composto da 40 affermazioni che riguardano il grado di accettazione dei pazienti con disturbi mentali nella comunità. Le risposte sono basate su una scala Likert a 5 punti dove 1 indica il totale accordo e il 5 il totale disaccordo. Nell’introduzione sono state inserite alcune domande per capire le loro caratteristiche sociodemografiche (tra cui sesso, età, stato civile, livello scolastico, religione, indice di affollamento delle famiglie, condizione economica, area di residenza e la familiarità con persone con diagnosi di disturbi mentali) per valutarne una possibile correlazione dello stigma, in quanto, in molti articoli della mia ricerca è stato dimostrato. RISULTATI: Gli studenti che hanno partecipato all’indagine sono stati 60 iscritti al primo anno e 60 iscritti al terzo, in entrambi i casi per il 20% di sesso maschile e l’80% di sesso femminile. Per tutte le variabili sondate il campione è parso omogeneo, solo “Età”, “Livello scolastico” e “Religione” sono state ulteriormente analizzate, in quanto; al terzo anno gli studenti iscritti che dimostrano di avere un’età tra i 30 e i 49 anni, in un numero superiore al doppio di quelli iscritti al primo, con anche un 3% di studenti con età dai 50 ai 69 anni. Il livello scolastico degli studenti del terzo anno risulta più vario rispetto gli studenti del primo anno, essendoci il 5% che possiede una Laurea magistrale e il 2% Altro. Infine, nel primo anno emergono diverse religioni al quale gli studenti credono, rispetto al terzo dove le risposte sono state solamente “Ateismo” e “Cristianesimo”. CONCLUSIONI: In base ai risultati raccolti nelle aree del “CAMI” è possibile concludere che punteggi più elevati nelle aree di Autoritarismo e Restrizione sociale rilevano un atteggiamento sfavorevole, dunque il primo anno di studi con una differenza di punteggio di rispettivamente +152 punti e +59, a confronto dei risultati del terzo anno, dimostra di assumere atteggiamenti più stigmatizzanti nei confronti delle persone con disturbi mentali. Parole chiave/Keywords: stigma (stigma), disturbi mentali (mental illness), studenti di Infermieristica (nursing student)
Lo stigma nei confronti dei disturbi mentali tra gli studenti di Infermieristica
DORIA, VERONICA
2023/2024
Abstract
PROBLEM: Nowadays, mental disorders are the most widespread diseases in the world (WHO, 2022) and subjects suffering from psychiatric pathologies are often labeled with negative characteristics. It has been shown that stigma on the part of healthcare staff represents a real obstacle to treatment and care. PURPOSE: The objective of my thesis is to analyze, through a questionnaire, the attitudes of first and third year Nursing students towards patients with a psychiatric diagnosis in order to evaluate the presence of stigma. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive-observational study. SAMPLE AND SETTING: I invite first and third year nursing students (for a total of 304 possible participants) to respond to the validated questionnaire “Community Attitudes to Mental Illness (CAMI)”, developed by Taylor and Dear in 1981 to measure community attitudes towards people with a psychiatric diagnosis. The questionnaire was administered online with the Google Forms program, as the link for completing it was made easier to distribute among the groups of the two courses. The CAMI is composed of 40 statements regarding the degree of acceptance of patients with mental disorders in the community. Responses are based on a 5-point Likert scale where 1 indicates total agreement and 5 indicates total disagreement. In the introduction, some questions were included to understand their sociodemographic characteristics (including sex, age, marital status, educational level, religion, family crowding index, economic condition, area of residence and familiarity with people diagnosed with disorders mental) to evaluate a possible correlation of stigma, as this has been demonstrated in many articles of my research. RESULTS: The students who participated in the survey were 60 enrolled in the first year and 60 enrolled in the third, in both cases 20% male and 80% female. For all the variables surveyed the sample appeared homogeneous, only "Age", "School level" and "Religion" were further analysed, as; in the third year, students enrolled who demonstrate an age between 30 and 49 are more than double those enrolled in the first, with also 3% of students aged between 50 and 69. The academic level of third year students is more varied than first year students, with 5% having a Master's degree and 2% Other. Finally, in the first year different religions emerged that students believe in, compared to the third where the answers were only "Atheism" and "Christianity". CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results collected in the "CAMI" areas it is possible to conclude that higher scores in the areas of Authoritarianism and Social Restriction reveal an unfavorable attitude, therefore the first year of studies with a score difference of +152 points and + respectively 59, compared to the results of the third year, shows that they are adopting more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental disorders. Keywords: stigma, mental illness, nursing studentsFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75822