Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke and renal failure. 31% of the Italian population suffers from arterial hypertension, and the values tend to increase with age, according to data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità. In particular, the prevalence reaches about 60% among patients aged between 65 and 84, and is also increasing in patients under 40. Early diagnosis, correct monitoring of blood pressure values and treatment of hypertension are essential to prevent serious complications. Aim of the study: The aim of this thesis was to investigate in a population of hypertensive patients attending the Outpatient Clinic for Arterial Hypertension Disorders of the University Hospital of Padua their ability to self-measure blood pressure according to the correct procedures recommended by the Italian Society of Hypertension. Materials and methods: In September 2024, a questionnaire was administered to patients of the Outpatient Clinic for Arterial Hypertension Disorders of the University Hospital of Padua, to collect information on the management of arterial hypertension and on the behaviors adopted for blood pressure monitoring. The questionnaire assessed the patient's knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement, normal and critical values, as well as the correct procedures to follow during self-measurement. Therapeutic adherence was explored by asking patients if they skipped doses or changed treatment without consulting a doctor. Finally, data on any associated diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, were collected. Results: The questionnaire was administered to 35 patients attending the hypertension disorder clinic. Patients had an average age of 55, an average BMI of 26 (overweight index), took an average of 1.7 medications, and had average systolic blood pressure values of 137 mmHg and average diastolic blood pressure values of 85 mmHg. It emerged that 44% of patients measured their blood pressure daily and that only 48% of patients did so following the procedure suggested by the guidelines for arterial hypertension of the Italian Society for Hypertension for correct measurement. The percentage of patients who received instructions from healthcare personnel for the correct procedure to measure blood pressure is equal to 54% of the interviewees. Regarding therapeutic adherence, approximately 60% of patients pay attention to taking pharmacological therapy and only 8% say they have reduced the therapy because they felt better. Discussion and conclusions: My thesis work shows that self-measurement of blood pressure is performed correctly only in 48% of patients with hypertension and that only half of the sample examined received the correct instructions from healthcare personnel. For this reason, the role of the nurse is fundamental in the prevention, management and monitoring of arterial hypertension, ensuring that patients receive adequate health education, constant monitoring and the necessary support to prevent long-term complications.
Introduzione: L'ipertensione arteriosa è uno dei principali fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo di malattie cardiovascolari, tra cui infarto del miocardio, ictus e insufficienza renale. Il 31% della popolazione italiana soffre di ipertensione arteriosa, e i valori tendono ad aumentare con l’avanzare dell’età, secondo i dati dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità. In particolare, la prevalenza raggiunge circa il 60% tra i pazienti di età compresa tra 65 e 84 anni, ed è in crescita anche nei pazienti al di sotto dei 40 anni. La diagnosi precoce, il corretto monitoraggio dei valori pressori e il trattamento dell’ipertensione sono essenziali per prevenire complicanze gravi. Scopo dello studio: Scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di indagare in una popolazione di pazienti ipertesi afferente all’ambulatorio per i Disordini dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa del Policlinico Universitario di Padova la loro capacità di automisurare la pressione arteriosa secondo le procedure corrette raccomandate dalla Società Italiana dell’Ipertensione. Materiali e metodi: Nel mese di settembre 2024 è stato somministrato un questionario ai pazienti dell’ambulatorio per i Disordini dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa del Policlinico Universitario di Padova, per raccogliere informazioni sulla gestione dell'ipertensione arteriosa e sui comportamenti adottati per il monitoraggio della pressione. Il questionario valutava la conoscenza del paziente riguardo alla misurazione della pressione arteriosa, i valori normali e critici, nonché le procedure corrette da seguire durante l'automisurazione. Veniva esplorata l'aderenza terapeutica, chiedendo ai pazienti se hanno saltato dosi o modificato il trattamento senza consultare un medico. Infine, sono raccolti dati su eventuali malattie associate e fattori di rischio cardiovascolari, come il tabagismo e il consumo di alcol. Risultati: Il questionario è stato somministrato a 35 pazienti afferenti all’ambulatorio per i disordini dell’ipertensione. I pazienti avevano un’età media di 55 anni, un BMI medio di 26 (indice di sovrappeso), assumevano in media 1,7 farmaci e presentavano valori medi di pressione sistolica di 137 mmHg e valori medi di pressione diastolica di 85 mmHg. È emerso che il 44% dei pazienti esegue la misurazione della pressione arteriosa giornalmente e che solo il 48% dei pazienti la esegue rispettando la procedura suggerita dalle linee guida per l’ipertensione arteriosa della Società Italiana per l’Ipertensione per una corretta misurazione. La percentuale di pazienti che hanno ricevuto indicazioni dal personale sanitario per la corretta procedura per misurare la pressione arteriosa, è pari al 54% degli intervistati. Per quanto riguarda l’aderenza terapeutica, circa il 60% dei pazienti presta attenzione all’assunzione della terapia farmacologica e solo l’8% afferma di aver ridotto la terapia poiché si sentiva meglio. Discussione e conclusioni: Il mio lavoro di tesi mostra che l’automisurazione della pressione arteriosa è eseguita correttamente solo nel 48% dei pazienti affetti da ipertensione e che solo la metà del campione esaminato ha ricevuto le corrette indicazioni dal personale sanitario. Per tale motivo, il ruolo dell'infermiere è fondamentale nella prevenzione, gestione e monitoraggio dell'ipertensione arteriosa, garantendo che i pazienti ricevano un'adeguata educazione sanitaria, un monitoraggio costante e il supporto necessario per prevenire le complicanze a lungo termine.
“Auto-misurazione domiciliare della pressione arteriosa: indagine in una popolazione afferente all’ Ambulatorio per i Disordini dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa del Policlinico Universitario di Padova”
BEDIN, GAIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke and renal failure. 31% of the Italian population suffers from arterial hypertension, and the values tend to increase with age, according to data from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità. In particular, the prevalence reaches about 60% among patients aged between 65 and 84, and is also increasing in patients under 40. Early diagnosis, correct monitoring of blood pressure values and treatment of hypertension are essential to prevent serious complications. Aim of the study: The aim of this thesis was to investigate in a population of hypertensive patients attending the Outpatient Clinic for Arterial Hypertension Disorders of the University Hospital of Padua their ability to self-measure blood pressure according to the correct procedures recommended by the Italian Society of Hypertension. Materials and methods: In September 2024, a questionnaire was administered to patients of the Outpatient Clinic for Arterial Hypertension Disorders of the University Hospital of Padua, to collect information on the management of arterial hypertension and on the behaviors adopted for blood pressure monitoring. The questionnaire assessed the patient's knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement, normal and critical values, as well as the correct procedures to follow during self-measurement. Therapeutic adherence was explored by asking patients if they skipped doses or changed treatment without consulting a doctor. Finally, data on any associated diseases and cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, were collected. Results: The questionnaire was administered to 35 patients attending the hypertension disorder clinic. Patients had an average age of 55, an average BMI of 26 (overweight index), took an average of 1.7 medications, and had average systolic blood pressure values of 137 mmHg and average diastolic blood pressure values of 85 mmHg. It emerged that 44% of patients measured their blood pressure daily and that only 48% of patients did so following the procedure suggested by the guidelines for arterial hypertension of the Italian Society for Hypertension for correct measurement. The percentage of patients who received instructions from healthcare personnel for the correct procedure to measure blood pressure is equal to 54% of the interviewees. Regarding therapeutic adherence, approximately 60% of patients pay attention to taking pharmacological therapy and only 8% say they have reduced the therapy because they felt better. Discussion and conclusions: My thesis work shows that self-measurement of blood pressure is performed correctly only in 48% of patients with hypertension and that only half of the sample examined received the correct instructions from healthcare personnel. For this reason, the role of the nurse is fundamental in the prevention, management and monitoring of arterial hypertension, ensuring that patients receive adequate health education, constant monitoring and the necessary support to prevent long-term complications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75902