Heart failure represents the leading cause of hospitalization in people over sixty-five years old, and it’s considered a problem of great importance for public health as well as costs for the National Health System. Approximately 600,000 people suffer from heart failure in Italy and it has been estimated that this its prevalence doubles every decade of age; in fact, after the age of 65, almost 10% of people suffer from heart failure (this data reflects the Italian population). It must be remembered that heart failure is a chronic pathology whose symptoms can lead to significant discomfort for the person suffering from it; for this reason it is useful to increase strategies that can keep the disease under control, promoting continuity of care, the phenomenon of self-care and improving the quality of patient’s life affected by it. We would also like to remind you that thanks to these datas, heart failure represents the leading cause of hospitalization in those aged over sixty-five, so with the containment of symptoms of heart failure, hospital admissions, cost the impact of this pathology on public health will be lower. Based on these facts, the study carried out, based on P.E.S.C.A project, has the objectives of verifying whether tele nursing can be an effective method for the management of decompensed patients at home, whether these interventions improve the patient’s compliance with their pathology of decompensation, whether self-care is promoted and how much the patients’ quality of life can be improved thanks to continuity of care. The tools used for this study are an information booklet on heart failure, semi-structured interviews to conduct the weekly televist, based on the KCCQ questionnaire (administered before discharge and at the end of the project) and finally the satisfaction questionnaire. The results of the study showed that patients had an improvement in all items investigated by the KCCQ questionnaire. It is therefore clear that the sample under study, at the end of the care continuity process, had improvements both in terms of symptoms and in their quality of life, they achieved greater awareness and management of their pathologies, therefore the process of education based to self-care. Telemedicine has been proved to be an effective method for contacting patients directly from home. We can then hope that there will be an ever-increasing investment of effective and efficient resources in local healthcare and we hope that hospitals begin the process of educating patients and caregivers, before discharge in such a way that continuity care between facility and territory is maintained and then continued at home. Key words: Heart failure, telemedicine, telenursing, continuity of care and self-care
Lo scompenso cardiaco rappresenta la prima causa di ricovero in ospedale negli ultrasessantacinquenni, e questo è considerato un problema di grande rilievo per la salute pubblica nonché dei costi a carico del Sistema Sanitario Nazionale. A soffrire di scompenso cardiaco in Italia, sono circa 600.000 persone, e si è stimato che la sua prevalenza raddoppia ogni decade d’età. Infatti, dopo i 65 anni le persone affette da scompenso sono quasi il 10% (questi dati fanno fronte all’invecchiamento della popolazione italiana). Bisogna ricordare che lo scompenso cardiaco, è una patologia cronica, i quali sintomi possono portare ad un discomfort importante della persona che ne soffre. Per questo motivo è utile incrementare strategie che possano tenere sotto controllo la malattia, promuovendo la continuità assistenziale, il fenomeno dell’autocura favorendo così un miglioramento della qualità di vita dei pazienti che ne sono affetti. Ricordiamo inoltre che ad oggi lo scompenso cardiaco rappresenta la prima causa di ricovero negli ultrasessantacinquenni, pertanto il contenimento della sintomatologia dello scompenso cardiaco, porterà alla riduzione dei ricoveri ospedalieri, dei costi e dell’impatto di questa patologia sulla sanità pubblica. In base a tali premesse lo studio effettuato, basatosi sul progetto P.E.S.C.A (Post ricovero dopo Episodio di Scompenso Cardiaco Acuto), ha come obiettivi il verificare se il telenursing può essere una metodica efficace per la gestione del paziente scompensato a domicilio, se questi interventi migliorano la compliance del paziente rispetto alla gestione della propria patologia di scompenso, se viene promossa l’autocura e quanto grazie alla continuità assistenziale può migliorare la qualità di vita dei pazienti. Gli strumenti utilizzati per tale studio sono un opuscolo informativo sullo scompenso cardiaco, le interviste semi strutturate per condurre la televisita settimanale, l’utilizzo del questionario KCCQ (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire), somministrato nel pre dimissione e al termine del percorso, ed infine il questionario di gradimento. Dai risultati dello studio è emerso che i pazienti hanno avuto un miglioramento in tutti gli item indagati dal questionario KCCQ. Il campione oggetto di studio, al termine del percorso di continuità assistenziale, ha avuto dei miglioramenti sia a livello sintomatologico sia in termini di qualità di vita, ha ottenuto maggiore consapevolezza e gestione della propria patologia, di fatto si è instaurato il processo dell’autocura basato sull’educazione. I pazienti hanno espresso gradimento anche rispetto al supporto ricevuto a domicilio con l’utilizzo della telemedicina. La telemedicina è risultata una metodica efficace per entrare in contatto con i pazienti direttamente dal domicilio. Per il futuro è auspicabile che vi sia sempre più investimento di risorse efficaci ed efficienti nella sanità territoriale, che anche le strutture ospedaliere inizino già il percorso di educazione al paziente e ai caregiver nel pre dimissione, in modo tale che la continuità assistenziale tra struttura ospedaliera e il territorio sia mantenuta. Parole chiavi: scompenso cardiaco, telemedicina, telenursing, continuità assistenziale, autocura.
ASSISTENZA INFERMIERISTICA 2.0 Il telenursing per garantire la continuità assistenziale al paziente con scompenso cardiaco
BUGIN, LETIZIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Heart failure represents the leading cause of hospitalization in people over sixty-five years old, and it’s considered a problem of great importance for public health as well as costs for the National Health System. Approximately 600,000 people suffer from heart failure in Italy and it has been estimated that this its prevalence doubles every decade of age; in fact, after the age of 65, almost 10% of people suffer from heart failure (this data reflects the Italian population). It must be remembered that heart failure is a chronic pathology whose symptoms can lead to significant discomfort for the person suffering from it; for this reason it is useful to increase strategies that can keep the disease under control, promoting continuity of care, the phenomenon of self-care and improving the quality of patient’s life affected by it. We would also like to remind you that thanks to these datas, heart failure represents the leading cause of hospitalization in those aged over sixty-five, so with the containment of symptoms of heart failure, hospital admissions, cost the impact of this pathology on public health will be lower. Based on these facts, the study carried out, based on P.E.S.C.A project, has the objectives of verifying whether tele nursing can be an effective method for the management of decompensed patients at home, whether these interventions improve the patient’s compliance with their pathology of decompensation, whether self-care is promoted and how much the patients’ quality of life can be improved thanks to continuity of care. The tools used for this study are an information booklet on heart failure, semi-structured interviews to conduct the weekly televist, based on the KCCQ questionnaire (administered before discharge and at the end of the project) and finally the satisfaction questionnaire. The results of the study showed that patients had an improvement in all items investigated by the KCCQ questionnaire. It is therefore clear that the sample under study, at the end of the care continuity process, had improvements both in terms of symptoms and in their quality of life, they achieved greater awareness and management of their pathologies, therefore the process of education based to self-care. Telemedicine has been proved to be an effective method for contacting patients directly from home. We can then hope that there will be an ever-increasing investment of effective and efficient resources in local healthcare and we hope that hospitals begin the process of educating patients and caregivers, before discharge in such a way that continuity care between facility and territory is maintained and then continued at home. Key words: Heart failure, telemedicine, telenursing, continuity of care and self-careFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75921