PROBLEM: Human blood is both an essential and scarce resource. Worldwide, the need is high, but the response to that demand is still insufficient. In many countries, including Italy, the supply is through voluntary and unpaid donation, a method defined as the best guarantee for product safety and a unique example of pure altruism, since it is anonymous and aimed at strangers. Donor generosity is the key to self-sufficiency, but this is still far off: the blood emergency is present and the challenge is constant. The nurse, as a health-promoting professional, is directly responsible for education and awareness of blood donation. Still, among all the actions already in place, it is unclear what actions are most appropriate to achieve these goals. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the essential contribution of the nurse and to know the skills acted by him/her in responding to the high demand and shortage of blood donation, identifying the most effective strategies implemented and/or tested toward raising awareness of blood component donation. SAMPLE: Blood donors, non-donors, and nurses responsible for raising awareness of blood donation. METHODS AND TOOLS: Different databases were consulted, such as: PubMed, Cinhal, Google Scholar, and Medline during July and August 2024. The included articles are of both national and international interest, with no time limitation. RESULTS: Seven articles distinguishable into: no.6 literature reviews and no.1 qualitative study were selected. Each article discussed the topic of blood donation: the analysis of the shortage situation of the resource, the strategies tested and/or implemented to increase the rate of blood donation, and the essential contribution of the nurse in this process. The strategies tested are shown to be most effective when preceded by an understanding of donor motivations; starting from there, interventions targeted at individual donors and donor groups can be implemented. Interaction between donor and nurse has been shown to be effective: a relationship that is essential to make the donation experience positive and thus increase the likelihood of donor return. CONCLUSIONS: The review provides a useful insight into the current blood emergency situation and demonstrates how the nurse, as a health promoter, is an active, and therefore essential, player toward raising awareness of this gesture. KEY WORDS: “blood”, “blood donation”, “nurse”, “sensibilization”, “education”.
PROBLEMA: Il sangue umano è una risorsa essenziale e scarsa allo stesso tempo. In tutto il mondo il fabbisogno è elevato, ma la risposta a tale richiesta non è ancora sufficiente. In molti paesi, tra cui l’Italia, l'approvvigionamento avviene tramite donazione volontaria e gratuita, metodica definita come miglior garanzia ai fini della sicurezza del prodotto ed esempio unico di puro altruismo, in quanto anonimo e volto a sconosciuti. La generosità del donatore è la chiave verso l’autosufficienza, ma ad oggi questa è ancora lontana: l’emergenza sangue è presente e la sfida è costante. L'infermiere, in quanto professionista promotore della salute, è responsabile diretto dell’educazione e della sensibilizzazione alla donazione di sangue, ma tra tutte le azioni già messe in campo non è chiaro quali siano le azioni più adeguate per raggiungere tali scopi. OBIETTIVO: Dimostrare il contributo essenziale dell’infermiere e conoscere le competenze da lui agite per rispondere alla richiesta elevata e alla carenza di donazioni di emazie, individuando le strategie più efficaci messe in atto e/o sperimentate verso la sensibilizzazione alla donazione di emocomponenti. CAMPIONE: Donatori di sangue, non donatori e infermieri responsabili della sensibilizzazione alla donazione di sangue METODI E STRUMENTI: Sono stati consultati differenti database, quali: PubMed, Cinhal, Google Scholar, Medline durante i mesi di luglio e agosto 2024. Gli articoli inclusi sono di interesse sia nazionale che internazionale, senza limitazioni temporali. RISULTATI: Sono stati selezionati 7 articoli distinguibili in: n.6 revisioni bibliografiche e n.1 studio qualitativo. Ogni articolo ha discusso la tematica della donazione di sangue: l’analisi della situazione carenziale della risorsa, le strategie sperimentate e/o attuate al fine di incrementare il tasso di donazione di emazie ed il contributo essenziale dell’infermiere in tale processo. Le strategie sperimentate si dimostrano maggiormente efficaci se precedute dalla comprensione delle motivazioni dei donatori, partendo da qui è possibile mettere in atto interventi mirati ai singoli donatori e gruppi di donatori. Si è dimostrata efficace l’interazione tra donatore e infermiere: relazione indispensabile per rendere l’esperienza di donazione positiva e aumentare dunque la possibilità di ritorno del donatore. CONCLUSIONI: La revisione fornisce uno spunto utile per entrare in contatto con la situazione attuale di emergenza sangue e dimostra come l'infermiere, in quanto promotore della salute, è protagonista attivo, e dunque essenziale, verso la sensibilizzazione a tale gesto. PAROLE CHIAVE: “sangue”, "donazione di sangue”, “infermiere”, “sensibilizzazione”, “educazione”. KEY WORDS: “blood”, “blood donation”, “nurse”, “sensibilization”, “education”.
L'infermiere e il suo importante contributo nell'affrontare l'emergenza sangue
CAROTTI, ESTER
2023/2024
Abstract
PROBLEM: Human blood is both an essential and scarce resource. Worldwide, the need is high, but the response to that demand is still insufficient. In many countries, including Italy, the supply is through voluntary and unpaid donation, a method defined as the best guarantee for product safety and a unique example of pure altruism, since it is anonymous and aimed at strangers. Donor generosity is the key to self-sufficiency, but this is still far off: the blood emergency is present and the challenge is constant. The nurse, as a health-promoting professional, is directly responsible for education and awareness of blood donation. Still, among all the actions already in place, it is unclear what actions are most appropriate to achieve these goals. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the essential contribution of the nurse and to know the skills acted by him/her in responding to the high demand and shortage of blood donation, identifying the most effective strategies implemented and/or tested toward raising awareness of blood component donation. SAMPLE: Blood donors, non-donors, and nurses responsible for raising awareness of blood donation. METHODS AND TOOLS: Different databases were consulted, such as: PubMed, Cinhal, Google Scholar, and Medline during July and August 2024. The included articles are of both national and international interest, with no time limitation. RESULTS: Seven articles distinguishable into: no.6 literature reviews and no.1 qualitative study were selected. Each article discussed the topic of blood donation: the analysis of the shortage situation of the resource, the strategies tested and/or implemented to increase the rate of blood donation, and the essential contribution of the nurse in this process. The strategies tested are shown to be most effective when preceded by an understanding of donor motivations; starting from there, interventions targeted at individual donors and donor groups can be implemented. Interaction between donor and nurse has been shown to be effective: a relationship that is essential to make the donation experience positive and thus increase the likelihood of donor return. CONCLUSIONS: The review provides a useful insight into the current blood emergency situation and demonstrates how the nurse, as a health promoter, is an active, and therefore essential, player toward raising awareness of this gesture. KEY WORDS: “blood”, “blood donation”, “nurse”, “sensibilization”, “education”.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75934