Backgroung: The aim of this thesis is to analyse which factors influence the management of no-flow time and low-flow time in the patient whose presents cardiocirculatory arrest, and subsequently which are the inclusion criteria for the indications for the use of ECMO as a life-support. Aims and objectives: To identify the existence in the literature of what factors influence the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitative manoeuvres in the ALS algorithm and to identify the requirements necessary to make the patient eligible for the use of ECMO with the aim of reducing the mortality rate and, finally, where the patient does not respond positively, the maintenance of organ perfusion for possible donation. Materials and methods: In order to be able to answer the research questions, a literature review was performed by consulting the MEDLINE database (PubMed) and considering articles from the last 5 years. In addition, the current ERC guidelines, ALS algorithm 2021, were examined. Results: A chronological order of the articles highlights studies on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of extracorporeal CPR (ERCP). Patrizio et al. (2019) show a better long-term neurological outcome for ERCP. Inoue et al. (2020) confirm the neurological benefits of ERCP, but report complications such as bleeding. Yannopoulos et al. (2021) show improved hospital survival with ECMO compared to standard ACLS. Miraglia et al. (2021) note a higher percentage of neurologically intact survivors with ERCP. Squizzato et al. (2022) indicate higher survival rates with ERCP, while Belohlavek et al. (2022) find no significant long-term improvement. In 2023, Squizzato et al. report better neurological outcomes with ERCP in selected patients, Hunihiko et al. identify predictors for ERCP, Soverein et al. show similar outcomes between ERCP and conventional CPR, and Jeung et al. note higher survival rates for ERCP, but inconclusive results. Conclusions: The use of ECMO in resuscitation manoeuvres leads to a tangible percentage increase in pro-life outcomes with a greater positive neurological outcome than standard resuscitation techniques. Key words: ECMO, extracorporeal veno-arterial cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no-flow, low-flow, CPR, vessel cannulation, ALS, ECLS, cardiac arrest, chain of survaival, time factors, ECPR.
Backgroung: Questa tesi si propone di analizzare quali siano i fattori che possano influire sulla gestione del no-flow time e low-flow time del paziente che presenta arresto cardiocircolatorio e in seguito quali siano i criteri di inclusione per le indicazioni all’uso dell’ECMO come supporto alla vita. Finalità e obiettivo: individuare l’esistenza in letteratura di quali siano i fattori che influenzano l’esito delle manovre rianimatorie cardiopolmonari previste dall’algoritmo ALS e individuare i requisiti necessari per rendere arruolabile il paziente all’utilizzo dell’ECMO finalizzato a ridurre l’indice di mortalità e, infine, laddove il paziente non risponda in modo positivo il mantenimento della perfusione d’organo per un eventuale donazione. Materiali e metodi: Per riuscire a rispondere ai quesiti di ricerca è stata effettuata una revisione di letteratura consultando la banca dati MEDLINE (PubMed) e prendendo in considerazione gli articoli degli ultimi 5 anni. Inoltre sono state esaminate le linee guida ERC attualmente in vigore, algoritmo ALS 2021. Risultati: Un ordine cronologico degli articoli evidenzia studi sulla rianimazione cardiopolmonare (RCP) e l'uso della RCP extracorporea (ERCP). Patrizio et al. (2019) mostrano un miglior esito neurologico a lungo termine per ERCP. Inoue et al. (2020) conferma i benefici neurologici di ERCP, ma segnala complicazioni come il sanguinamento. Yannopoulos et al. (2021) dimostrano una maggiore sopravvivenza ospedaliera con ECMO rispetto a ACLS standard. Miraglia et al. (2021) rilevano una percentuale superiore di sopravvissuti neurologicamente integri con ERCP. Squizzato et al. (2022) indicano tassi di sopravvivenza più elevati con ERCP, mentre Belohlavek et al. (2022) non trovano miglioramenti significativi a lungo termine. Nel 2023, Squizzato et al. riportano migliori esiti neurologici con ERCP in pazienti selezionati, Hunihiko et al. identificano predittori per ERCP, Soverein et al. evidenziano esiti simili tra ERCP e RCP convenzionale, e Jeung et al. notano tassi di sopravvivenza più alti per ERCP, ma risultati non conclusivi. Conclusioni: L’utilizzo dell’ECMO nelle manovre rianimatore porta ad un aumento tangibile in modo percentuale degli esiti favorevoli alla vita con un esito neurologico positivo maggiore rispetto alle tecniche standard di rianimazione. Parole chiave: ECMO, veno arterial extracorporeal cardiopulmunary resuscitation, no-flow, low-flow, CPR, incannulazione dei vasi, ALS, ECLS, cardiac arrest, chain of survaival, time factors, ECPR.
ECMO resuscitativo da arresto cardiocircolatorio: upgrade delle RCP. Una revisione della letteratura
CASADEI, ELISABETTA MARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Backgroung: The aim of this thesis is to analyse which factors influence the management of no-flow time and low-flow time in the patient whose presents cardiocirculatory arrest, and subsequently which are the inclusion criteria for the indications for the use of ECMO as a life-support. Aims and objectives: To identify the existence in the literature of what factors influence the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitative manoeuvres in the ALS algorithm and to identify the requirements necessary to make the patient eligible for the use of ECMO with the aim of reducing the mortality rate and, finally, where the patient does not respond positively, the maintenance of organ perfusion for possible donation. Materials and methods: In order to be able to answer the research questions, a literature review was performed by consulting the MEDLINE database (PubMed) and considering articles from the last 5 years. In addition, the current ERC guidelines, ALS algorithm 2021, were examined. Results: A chronological order of the articles highlights studies on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of extracorporeal CPR (ERCP). Patrizio et al. (2019) show a better long-term neurological outcome for ERCP. Inoue et al. (2020) confirm the neurological benefits of ERCP, but report complications such as bleeding. Yannopoulos et al. (2021) show improved hospital survival with ECMO compared to standard ACLS. Miraglia et al. (2021) note a higher percentage of neurologically intact survivors with ERCP. Squizzato et al. (2022) indicate higher survival rates with ERCP, while Belohlavek et al. (2022) find no significant long-term improvement. In 2023, Squizzato et al. report better neurological outcomes with ERCP in selected patients, Hunihiko et al. identify predictors for ERCP, Soverein et al. show similar outcomes between ERCP and conventional CPR, and Jeung et al. note higher survival rates for ERCP, but inconclusive results. Conclusions: The use of ECMO in resuscitation manoeuvres leads to a tangible percentage increase in pro-life outcomes with a greater positive neurological outcome than standard resuscitation techniques. Key words: ECMO, extracorporeal veno-arterial cardiopulmonary resuscitation, no-flow, low-flow, CPR, vessel cannulation, ALS, ECLS, cardiac arrest, chain of survaival, time factors, ECPR.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75937