Introduction Intraosseous vascular access (IO) is a method of accessing systemic circulation through an uncollapsible venous plexus that offers the possibility to infuse fluids, drugs and take blood samples in emergency situations related emergency-urgency, both in the intra-hospital and extra-hospital context, if it was not possible to find a venous access quickly. However, the literature indicates that IO is underused due to lack of training in this technique despite international guidelines recommending its use to improve patient care outcomes. Objective The aim of this thesis is to identify the theoretical and practical knowledge of a sample of nurses regarding the use of intraosseous access and to verify if, after a training course, their skills increase with regard to this technique. Materials and methods A preliminary bibliographic search was carried out using the main scientific databases (PubMed, Cinahl, Trip Database, ILISI) and the search engine (Google Scholar) both with scanning methodology and handsearching that investigated whether nurses had adequate knowledge and skills on the use of intraosseous access. Following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were eligible including 1 meta-analysis, 6 literature reviews, 3 multicenter studies, 1 guideline and 1 technical-practical manual. Subsequently, a study design was developed which consists of giving a sample of nurses a pre training questionnaire and a post training course on intraosseous access in order to analyse initial knowledge and assess the importance of training. The tool was developed on the basis of a questionnaire used for a similar multicenter study proposed by Cicolini and colleagues, which emerged from the literature search. Results The response to the study was 75.8%, so 47 nurses participated, of which 62% were men and 38% women, with a prevalence of age range between 20 and 30 years (44.7%). The analysis of the data collected shows a lack of training in the introduction and management of IO. Discussion Comparing the results obtained by the study conducted by Cicolini and colleagues with those collected, it is evident that training on IO access is heterogeneous in the national territory. Based on the results of the analysis of the questionnaires collected, there is a poor knowledge of the procedure, its possible complications and contraindications, a low presence of devices in the various operational settings, the lack of awareness that the procedure enjoys nursing autonomy, both as regards the decision and its execution. The practitioners who participated in the study recognise the importance of training, preferably with applied simulations and exercises. Conclusions The thesis paper highlights the lack of knowledge and competence of nurses in IO access. In emergency-emergency settings, knowing how to position and manage intraosseous access is significant for improving patient care outcomes, including in terms of mortality reduction. Thus, the importance of planned continuing training in work contexts is highlighted in order to acquire, improve and maintain skills in order to improve outcomes and quality of care provided.
Introduzione L’accesso vascolare intraosseo (IO) è un metodo per accedere alla circolazione sistemica tramite un plesso venoso non collassabile che offre la possibilità di infondere liquidi, farmaci e prelevare campioni ematici in situazioni di emergenza-urgenza, sia in ambito intra ospedaliero che extra ospedaliero, qualora non si riuscisse a reperire in tempi rapidi un accesso venoso. Tuttavia la letteratura indica che l’IO è poco impiegato a causa della poca formazione circa questa tecnica nonostante le linee guida internazionali ne raccomandino l’utilizzo per migliorare gli esiti correlati all’assistenza dei pazienti. Obiettivo L'obiettivo della tesi è individuare le conoscenze teorico-pratiche di un campione di infermieri riguardo l’utilizzo dell’accesso intraosseo e verificare se, dopo un corso di formazione, le competenze aumentano riguardo questa tecnica. Materiali e metodi E’ stata effettuata una preliminare ricerca bibliografica utilizzando i principali database scientifici (PubMed, Cinahl, Trip Database, ILISI) e il motore di ricerca (Google Scholar) sia con metodologia scanning che handsearching che indagasse se gli infermieri avessero adeguate conoscenze e competenze sull’uso dell’accesso intraosseo. A seguito dell’applicazione dei criteri di inclusione ed esclusione sono stati resi eleggibili 12 studi tra cui 1 meta analisi, 6 revisioni di letteratura, 3 studi multicentrici, 1 linea guida e 1 manuale tecnico-pratico. Successivamente è stato realizzato un disegno di studio che consiste nel consegnare ad un campione di infermieri un questionario pre corso di formazione e uno post corso di formazione sull’accesso intraosseo al fine di analizzare le conoscenze iniziali e valutare l’importanza della formazione. Lo strumento è stato realizzato sulla base di un questionario utilizzato per uno studio multicentrico similare proposto da Cicolini e colleghi emerso dalla ricerca della letteratura. Risultati La rispondenza allo studio è stata del 75,8%, hanno quindi partecipato 47 infermieri, di cui 62% uomini e 38% donne, con prevalenza di fascia di età tra i 20 e i 30 anni (44,7%). Dall’analisi dei dati raccolti si deduce la carenza di formazione riguardo l’inserimento e la gestione dell’IO. Discussione Confrontando i risultati ottenuti dallo studio condotto da Cicolini e colleghi con quelli raccolti si denota una eterogeneità della formazione sull’accesso IO sul territorio nazionale. Sulla base di quanto emerso dall’analisi dei questionari raccolti si evidenza una conoscenza non ottimale della procedura, delle sue possibili complicanze e controindicazioni, una modesta presenza dei dispositivi nei vari setting operativi, la non piena consapevolezza che la procedura gode di autonomia infermieristica, sia per quanto riguarda la decisione che la sua esecuzione. I professionisti che hanno partecipato allo studio riconoscono l’importanza della formazione preferenzialmente con simulazioni applicate ed esercitazioni. Conclusioni L’elaborato di tesi fa emergere la scarsa conoscenza e competenza degli infermieri riguardo l’accesso IO. In contesti di emergenza-urgenza saper posizionare e gestire l’accesso intraosseo è significativo per migliorare gli esiti sensibili all’assistenza dei pazienti, anche in termini di riduzione della mortalità. Risalta, quindi, l’importanza della formazione continua pianificata nei contesti lavorativi al fine di acquisire, migliorare e mantenere le competenze al fine di migliorare gli esiti e la qualità dell’assistenza erogata.
L'autovalutazione degli infermieri sull'utilizzo dell'accesso intraosseo: studio descrittivo
CAVALLINI, MARTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction Intraosseous vascular access (IO) is a method of accessing systemic circulation through an uncollapsible venous plexus that offers the possibility to infuse fluids, drugs and take blood samples in emergency situations related emergency-urgency, both in the intra-hospital and extra-hospital context, if it was not possible to find a venous access quickly. However, the literature indicates that IO is underused due to lack of training in this technique despite international guidelines recommending its use to improve patient care outcomes. Objective The aim of this thesis is to identify the theoretical and practical knowledge of a sample of nurses regarding the use of intraosseous access and to verify if, after a training course, their skills increase with regard to this technique. Materials and methods A preliminary bibliographic search was carried out using the main scientific databases (PubMed, Cinahl, Trip Database, ILISI) and the search engine (Google Scholar) both with scanning methodology and handsearching that investigated whether nurses had adequate knowledge and skills on the use of intraosseous access. Following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were eligible including 1 meta-analysis, 6 literature reviews, 3 multicenter studies, 1 guideline and 1 technical-practical manual. Subsequently, a study design was developed which consists of giving a sample of nurses a pre training questionnaire and a post training course on intraosseous access in order to analyse initial knowledge and assess the importance of training. The tool was developed on the basis of a questionnaire used for a similar multicenter study proposed by Cicolini and colleagues, which emerged from the literature search. Results The response to the study was 75.8%, so 47 nurses participated, of which 62% were men and 38% women, with a prevalence of age range between 20 and 30 years (44.7%). The analysis of the data collected shows a lack of training in the introduction and management of IO. Discussion Comparing the results obtained by the study conducted by Cicolini and colleagues with those collected, it is evident that training on IO access is heterogeneous in the national territory. Based on the results of the analysis of the questionnaires collected, there is a poor knowledge of the procedure, its possible complications and contraindications, a low presence of devices in the various operational settings, the lack of awareness that the procedure enjoys nursing autonomy, both as regards the decision and its execution. The practitioners who participated in the study recognise the importance of training, preferably with applied simulations and exercises. Conclusions The thesis paper highlights the lack of knowledge and competence of nurses in IO access. In emergency-emergency settings, knowing how to position and manage intraosseous access is significant for improving patient care outcomes, including in terms of mortality reduction. Thus, the importance of planned continuing training in work contexts is highlighted in order to acquire, improve and maintain skills in order to improve outcomes and quality of care provided.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75940