BACKGROUND: Central vascular accesses are a valid alternative to venipuncture for patients undergoing parenteral treatment. Many of these patients live at home and do not always have adequate knowledge to manage it, which is why complications often occur, the most frequent being catheter-related infection. To prevent this, it is important to educate the patient and caregiver on its management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify the best educational intervention strategies for the management of these devices in the home setting, in order to reduce infections. METHODS: The study is a review of the literature: articles from the "Pubmed" database, the protocols of the ULSS 7 hospital company and the material provided by the University of Padua were examined. The subjects of the studies are adult and pediatric patients with chronic diseases, carriers of vascular access at home. RESULTS: The results of this review have highlighted how surveillance of central access devices is important to prevent infection. Patient and caregiver education therefore focuses on the timely recognition of signs and symptoms and on access management. For the latter, practices such as the use of interactive DVDs have been identified, to be used in addition to the teaching provided. The life status of these patients was also considered and how the presence of vascular access affects daily life was analyzed, determining that very often bathing and playtime are the ones that cause the greatest discomfort. CONCLUSION: To reduce the incidence of infections, it is important that nurses enhance education on the independent management of the patient and/or caregiver of vascular access. Some studies recommend the use of particular substances such as ethanol and tauloridine as a future practice to prevent the onset of infections. However, further studies are needed to be sure of this. KEY WORDS: nurse, nursing, home care service, home nursing, vascular access device/adverse effects, catheter-related infections, prevention and control, central line, peripherall intravenous catheters, education.
BACKGROUND: Gli accessi vascolari centrali sono una valida alternativa alla veni puntura per i pazienti sottoposti ad un trattamento per via parenterale. Molti di questi pazienti vivono presso il proprio domicilio e non sempre hanno le conoscenze adeguate alla gestione di esso, motivo per cui si verificano spesso delle complicanze, la più frequente è l’infezione catetere correlata. Per prevenire ciò, è importante educare il paziente e il caregiver alla gestione di esso. OBIETTIVO: L’ obiettivo di questa revisione è l’individuazione delle migliori strategie di intervento educativo alla gestione di questi dispositivi in ambito domiciliare, al fine di ridurre le infezioni. METODI: Lo studio è una revisione della letteratura: sono stati presi in esame articoli dalla banca dati “Pubmed”, dei protocolli dell’azienda ospedaliera ULSS 7 e del materiale fornito dall’ Università di Padova. I soggetti degli studi sono pazienti adulti e pediatrici con malattie croniche, portatori di accesso vascolare a domicilio. RISULTATI: I risultati di questa revisione hanno sottolineato quanto la sorveglianza ai dispositivi di accesso centrale sia importante per prevenire un’infezione. L’ educazione al paziente e caregiver si focalizza dunque sul riconoscimento tempestivo di segni e sintomi e sulla gestione dell’accesso. Per quest’ ultimo sono state individuate delle pratiche quali l’utilizzo di DVD interattivi, da utilizzare in aggiunta all’ insegnamento fornito. È stato considerato anche lo status di vita di questi pazienti e analizzato quanto la presenza dell’accesso vascolare influisca nella quotidianità, determinando che molto spesso sono il bagno e il momento del gioco a recare maggior disagio. CONCLUSIONE: Per una minore incidenza delle infezioni è importante che gli infermieri potenzino l’educazione alla gestione autonoma del paziente e/o caregiver dell’accesso vascolare. Alcuni studi consigliano come pratica futura l’utilizzo di sostanze particolari quali l’etanolo e la tauloridina come prevenzione all’ insorgenza di infezioni. Per essere sicuri di ciò sono necessari comunque ulteriori studi. PAROLE CHIAVE: infermiere, infermieristica, servizio di assistenza domiciliare, assistenza domiciliare, dispositivo di accesso vascolare/effetti avversi, infezioni correlate al catetere, prevenzione e controllo, linea centrale, cateteri endovenosi periferici, istruzione.
Educazione alla gestione domiciliare dell' accesso vascolare centrale: il ruolo dell' infermiere. Una revisione sistematica della letteratura
DALLA VALLE, JASMINE
2023/2024
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Central vascular accesses are a valid alternative to venipuncture for patients undergoing parenteral treatment. Many of these patients live at home and do not always have adequate knowledge to manage it, which is why complications often occur, the most frequent being catheter-related infection. To prevent this, it is important to educate the patient and caregiver on its management. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify the best educational intervention strategies for the management of these devices in the home setting, in order to reduce infections. METHODS: The study is a review of the literature: articles from the "Pubmed" database, the protocols of the ULSS 7 hospital company and the material provided by the University of Padua were examined. The subjects of the studies are adult and pediatric patients with chronic diseases, carriers of vascular access at home. RESULTS: The results of this review have highlighted how surveillance of central access devices is important to prevent infection. Patient and caregiver education therefore focuses on the timely recognition of signs and symptoms and on access management. For the latter, practices such as the use of interactive DVDs have been identified, to be used in addition to the teaching provided. The life status of these patients was also considered and how the presence of vascular access affects daily life was analyzed, determining that very often bathing and playtime are the ones that cause the greatest discomfort. CONCLUSION: To reduce the incidence of infections, it is important that nurses enhance education on the independent management of the patient and/or caregiver of vascular access. Some studies recommend the use of particular substances such as ethanol and tauloridine as a future practice to prevent the onset of infections. However, further studies are needed to be sure of this. KEY WORDS: nurse, nursing, home care service, home nursing, vascular access device/adverse effects, catheter-related infections, prevention and control, central line, peripherall intravenous catheters, education.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75955