PROBLEM: ARDS patients admitted to the NICU are pronated in order to improve the quality of gas exchange; this position, also maintained for more than 16 continuous hours and widely used in the pandemic period, has highlighted that, in the face of the demonstrated benefit, patients incur the risk of skin integrity compromise in locations not commonly contemplated. Postural mobilization helps, within skin integrity protection protocols, to reduce the pressure exerted by the dorsal lying plane of the body, but contextually opens up the need to attend to and manage certain areas of the anterior surface of the body (Canova, 2020). PURPOSE: To identify in the literature the prevalent anatomic locations where PDLs occur in ARDS patients undergoing prolonged prone position and to identify strategies to prevent the occurrence of PDLs or reduce their magnitude. SAMPLE: Patients aged ≥18 years, admitted to the NICU, suffering from ARDS, unconscious and undergoing prolonged pronation position. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature review was performed by consulting the following Online Databases: MEDLINE, CHINAL, Pubmed and Google Scholar with time restriction 2019 - 2024. The selection criteria used had no restrictions on study design. At the start of the search 78 articles were retrieved. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 studies were finally analyzed: one has a pre-post experimental design, the remaining four are descriptive observational studies. RESULTS: Analysis of the studies included in the following review highlights that PDLs can occur in different anatomical locations, with a particular incidence in areas subjected to greater pressure during prone positioning (Jonson et al., 2022). Comparison of the highlighted interventions described in the various studies is complex because of differences in the standard prevention protocols used in different settings. The literature reviewed mainly includes studies assessing the incidence and severity of PDLs in relation to heterogeneous preventive interventions, with the exception of the descriptive study by Connie Jonson et al. (2022). Among them, the study by Hughes PJ et al. (2023) focuses exclusively on facial injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incorporation of additional preventive interventions does not show a significant reduction in the overall incidence of PDLs, there is still a decrease in the severity of these injuries. This suggests a potential benefit of additional interventions within common practice, especially in terms of mitigating injury severity. Key words: Prolonged Pronation, Pressure Ulcers, Nursing Care, Critical Patient, Intensive Care Unit, Critical Area, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (A.R.D.S.), CoViD-19, Mechanical Ven-tilation.
ABSTRACT PROBLEMA: I pazienti affetti da ARDS, ricoverati in UTI, vengono pronati per poter migliorare la qualità degli scambi gassosi; questa posizione, mantenuta anche per più di 16 ore continuative e ampiamente utilizzata nel periodo pandemico, ha messo in evidenza che, a fronte del beneficio dimostrato, i pazienti incorrono nel rischio di compromissione dell’integrità cutanea in sedi non comunemente contemplate. La mobilizzazione posturale contribuisce, nel rispetto dei protocolli di protezione dell’integrità cutanea, a ridurre la pressione esercitata dal piano di giacenza dorsale del corpo, ma contestualmente apre la necessità di attenzionare e gestire alcune zone della superficie anteriore del corpo (Canova, 2020). SCOPO: Individuare in letteratura le sedi anatomiche prevalenti in cui si manifestano le LdP nei pazienti ARDS sottoposti a pronazione prolungata e identificare le strategie volte a prevenire l’insorgenza di LdP o ridurne l’entità. CAMPIONE: Pazienti di età ≥ 18 anni, ricoverati in UTI, affetti da ARDS, in stato di incoscienza e sottoposti a posizione prona prolungata. MATERIALE E METODI: La revisione della letteratura è stata effettuata mediante consultazione delle seguenti Banche Dati Online: MEDLINE, CHINAL, Pubmed e Google Scholar con restrizione temporale 2019 – 2024. I criteri di selezione utilizzati non hanno previsto restrizioni in merito al disegno di studio. All’avvio della ricerca sono stati reperiti 78 articoli. Seguendo i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione sono stati infine analizzati 5 studi: uno presenta un disegno sperimentale pre-post test, i restanti quattro sono studi osservazionali descrittivi. RISULTATI: L’analisi degli studi inclusi nella seguente revisione mette in evidenza che le LdP possono verificarsi in diverse sedi anatomiche, con una particolare incidenza nelle aree sottoposte a maggiore pressione durante il posizionamento prono (Jonson et al., 2022). La comparazione degli interventi evidenziati descritti nei vari studi risulta complessa a causa delle differenze nei protocolli standard di prevenzione utilizzati nelle differenti realtà. La letteratura esaminata include principalmente studi che valutano l'incidenza e la gravità delle LdP in relazione a interventi preventivi eterogenei, ad eccezione dello studio descrittivo di Connie Jonson et al. (2022). Tra questi, lo studio di Hughes PJ et al. (2023) si concentra esclusivamente sulle lesioni facciali. CONCLUSIONI: Sebbene l'integrazione di interventi preventivi aggiuntivi non mostri una riduzione significativa nell'incidenza complessiva delle LdP, si osserva comunque una diminuzione della gravità delle lesioni stesse. Questo suggerisce un beneficio potenziale degli interventi aggiuntivi all'interno della pratica comune, soprattutto in termini di mitigazione della gravità delle lesioni. Parole chiave: Pronazione prolungata, Lesioni da Pressione, Assistenza Infermieristica, Paziente Critico, Unità di Terapia Intensiva, Area Critica, Sindrome da Distress Respiratorio Acuto (A.R.D.S.), CoViD-19, Ventilazione meccanica.
La custodia del corpo nel paziente con ARDS in pronazione prolungata: strategie per il monitoraggio e la gestione delle Lesioni da Pressione anteriori.
DI CARLO, GAETANO
2023/2024
Abstract
PROBLEM: ARDS patients admitted to the NICU are pronated in order to improve the quality of gas exchange; this position, also maintained for more than 16 continuous hours and widely used in the pandemic period, has highlighted that, in the face of the demonstrated benefit, patients incur the risk of skin integrity compromise in locations not commonly contemplated. Postural mobilization helps, within skin integrity protection protocols, to reduce the pressure exerted by the dorsal lying plane of the body, but contextually opens up the need to attend to and manage certain areas of the anterior surface of the body (Canova, 2020). PURPOSE: To identify in the literature the prevalent anatomic locations where PDLs occur in ARDS patients undergoing prolonged prone position and to identify strategies to prevent the occurrence of PDLs or reduce their magnitude. SAMPLE: Patients aged ≥18 years, admitted to the NICU, suffering from ARDS, unconscious and undergoing prolonged pronation position. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature review was performed by consulting the following Online Databases: MEDLINE, CHINAL, Pubmed and Google Scholar with time restriction 2019 - 2024. The selection criteria used had no restrictions on study design. At the start of the search 78 articles were retrieved. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 studies were finally analyzed: one has a pre-post experimental design, the remaining four are descriptive observational studies. RESULTS: Analysis of the studies included in the following review highlights that PDLs can occur in different anatomical locations, with a particular incidence in areas subjected to greater pressure during prone positioning (Jonson et al., 2022). Comparison of the highlighted interventions described in the various studies is complex because of differences in the standard prevention protocols used in different settings. The literature reviewed mainly includes studies assessing the incidence and severity of PDLs in relation to heterogeneous preventive interventions, with the exception of the descriptive study by Connie Jonson et al. (2022). Among them, the study by Hughes PJ et al. (2023) focuses exclusively on facial injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incorporation of additional preventive interventions does not show a significant reduction in the overall incidence of PDLs, there is still a decrease in the severity of these injuries. This suggests a potential benefit of additional interventions within common practice, especially in terms of mitigating injury severity. Key words: Prolonged Pronation, Pressure Ulcers, Nursing Care, Critical Patient, Intensive Care Unit, Critical Area, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (A.R.D.S.), CoViD-19, Mechanical Ven-tilation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75962