PROBLEM: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present multiple problems related to development, sensoriality, interpersonal bonds and communication (DSM 5 - TR, APA 2022). With a high prevalence of medical comorbidities in this population, studies show that children with ASD are more likely to be hospitalised (Scarpinato et al., 2010) and therefore more likely to contact different professionals, including nurses. It is therefore essential to identify and adopt targeted approaches and strategies that can improve nurse-child communication/relationship to ensure an effective care pathway with the least emotional impact. PURPOSE: To identify, from the literature, the most appropriate communication/relationship strategies and behaviours for nurses to use with children with autistic spectrum disorders in order to establish a direct relationship with them. SAMPLE: School-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (6-12 years) MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following databases were consulted to identify the studies included in this review: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cinhal, Cochrane Library. Free terms and MeSH search terms were used for the searches. There are 7 articles included in this paper, they were published between 2010 and 2021 and their contents are in accordance with the objectives of the study. RESULTS: Studies have shown that working with the family/carer is the most effective way to establish an optimal relationship with the child and to learn about the child's needs and ways of interacting. As children with ASD have specific difficulties, it is essential to adopt targeted communication strategies such as the use of Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) techniques, visual tools and clear, direct language. In conclusion, effective communication with children with autism requires empathy, preparation and the use of tailored tools to promote mutual understanding and improve the quality of care. CONCLUSION: This review has demonstrated the importance of targeted interventions in both communication and the hospital environment to optimise the hospitalisation of children with ASD. These interventions are key to creating a hospital environment that better meets their needs and reduces excessive sensory stimulation, thereby improving their comfort and well-being. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, nursing, school age, communication, hospitalisation, strategies.
PROBLEMA: I bambini affetti dal disturbo dello spettro autistico (ASD) presentano molteplici problematiche legate allo sviluppo, alla sensorialità, ai legami interpersonali e alla comunicazione (DSM 5 – TR, APA 2022). Con un alto tasso di prevalenza di comorbilità mediche tra questa popolazione, gli studi dimostrano che, i bambini affetti da ASD presentano una probabilità maggiore di ricovero ospedaliero (Scarpinato et al., 2010) e di conseguenza una maggior probabilità di approcciarsi alle varie figure professionali, tra cui l’infermiere. Diventa quindi indispensabile individuare e adottare approcci e strategie mirate che possano migliorare la comunicazione/relazione infermiere–bambino al fine di garantire un percorso di cura efficace e con il minor impatto emotivo possibile. SCOPO: Identificare, sulla base della letteratura, le strategie di comunicazione, di relazione e i comportamenti più indicati da attuare dagli infermieri nei confronti di bambini affetti da disturbo dello spettro autistico per creare una relazione diretta con loro. CAMPIONE: Bambini affetti da disturbo dello spettro autistico in età scolare (6-12 anni) MATERIALI E METODI: Per poter individuare gli studi inclusi nella presente revisione della letteratura sono state consultate le seguenti banche dati: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cinhal, Cochrane library. Per le ricerche sono stati utilizzati termini liberi e stringhe di ricerca MeSH Terms. Gli articoli inclusi nel presente lavoro sono 7, sono stati pubblicati tra il 2010 e il 2021 ed i contenuti sono conformi agli obiettivi dello studio. RISULTATI: Dagli studi è emerso che la collaborazione con la famiglia/caregiver rappresenta il metodo più efficace per instaurare un rapporto ottimale con il bambino e conoscere le sue esigenze e le modalità di interazione. Poiché i bambini con ASD presentano difficoltà specifiche, è fondamentale adottare strategie comunicative mirate, come l'utilizzo di tecniche di Comunicazione Aumentativa Alternativa (CAA), strumenti visivi e un linguaggio chiaro e diretto. In conclusione, una comunicazione efficace con i bambini autistici richiede empatia, preparazione e l’impiego di strumenti personalizzati per favorire la comprensione reciproca e migliorare la qualità dell’assistenza. CONCLUSIONE: La presente revisione ha dimostrato l'importanza di adottare interventi mirati sia sulla comunicazione sia sull'ambiente ospedaliero per ottimizzare il ricovero ospedaliero dei bambini con ASD. Questi interventi sono fondamentali per creare un ambiente ospedaliero che risponda meglio alle loro esigenze e per diminuire l’eccesso di stimoli sensoriali, migliorando così il loro comfort e benessere. Parole Chiave: Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico, Assistenza Infermieristica, Età scolare, Comunicazione, Ricovero, Strategie
Non avere paura, io ti capisco: L'approccio assistenziale e comunicativo al bambino in età scolare affetto da disturbo dello spettro autistico
DONADON, MARTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
PROBLEM: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) present multiple problems related to development, sensoriality, interpersonal bonds and communication (DSM 5 - TR, APA 2022). With a high prevalence of medical comorbidities in this population, studies show that children with ASD are more likely to be hospitalised (Scarpinato et al., 2010) and therefore more likely to contact different professionals, including nurses. It is therefore essential to identify and adopt targeted approaches and strategies that can improve nurse-child communication/relationship to ensure an effective care pathway with the least emotional impact. PURPOSE: To identify, from the literature, the most appropriate communication/relationship strategies and behaviours for nurses to use with children with autistic spectrum disorders in order to establish a direct relationship with them. SAMPLE: School-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (6-12 years) MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following databases were consulted to identify the studies included in this review: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cinhal, Cochrane Library. Free terms and MeSH search terms were used for the searches. There are 7 articles included in this paper, they were published between 2010 and 2021 and their contents are in accordance with the objectives of the study. RESULTS: Studies have shown that working with the family/carer is the most effective way to establish an optimal relationship with the child and to learn about the child's needs and ways of interacting. As children with ASD have specific difficulties, it is essential to adopt targeted communication strategies such as the use of Augmentative Alternative Communication (AAC) techniques, visual tools and clear, direct language. In conclusion, effective communication with children with autism requires empathy, preparation and the use of tailored tools to promote mutual understanding and improve the quality of care. CONCLUSION: This review has demonstrated the importance of targeted interventions in both communication and the hospital environment to optimise the hospitalisation of children with ASD. These interventions are key to creating a hospital environment that better meets their needs and reduces excessive sensory stimulation, thereby improving their comfort and well-being. Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, nursing, school age, communication, hospitalisation, strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75964