ABSTRACT Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a non-pharmacological approach comprising therapies known as complementary therapies that are used to improve quality of life and manage symptoms, addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of a person. These may include, for example, pain, anxiety, and depression. The goal of palliative care is to ensure the patient achieves the best possible quality of life. Throughout this process, both the sick individual and their family experience intense negative emotions that can be alleviated with complementary therapies. Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze, through research in the scientific literature, the effects of complementary and alternative medicine and whether it can be a valid holistic approach in the management of symptoms and in improving the quality of life for individuals in palliative care and their families. Methods: A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and CINAHL, from which 30 full-text articles were selected and reviewed. Results: Complementary and alternative medicine is still under study in the field of palliative care, and the investigations conducted have yielded positive results, particularly for therapeutic massage, music therapy, and aromatherapy. These approaches have shown a reduction in anxiety and pain, along with increased relaxation and comfort for both adult and pediatric patients. They have also helped improve sleep quality and alleviate symptoms such as back pain, nausea, and vomiting. It is crucial for staff to be adequately trained and informed through dedicated training and conferences so that these therapies are applied as correctly as possible, taking into account the characteristics, conditions, and wishes of the patient. If professionals are not well-informed, complementary therapies can have negative effects on certain symptoms of the patient. For example, aromatherapy: a scent that is too strong can increase nausea in the assisted person. Pet therapy, art therapy, and reflexology have also shown good results but are still underutilized. Art therapy, in particular, has facilitated communication for both patients and families, helping them express feelings and emotions that are difficult to articulate during such complicated and delicate times. Regarding pet therapy, it has had positive effects, particularly for animal lovers in reducing anxiety symptoms, but conversely, it has had negative effects on those who dislike animals or have never had pets, increasing their anxiety. Reflexology has not shown greater efficacy compared to other touch therapies, but all are excellent candidates for ensuring relaxation and well-being in patients receiving palliative care when applied consistently. Conclusions: When applied correctly, complementary and alternative medicine improves the quality of life and symptoms of patients receiving palliative care, providing both them and their surrounding families with a sense of relaxation and well-being. Keywords: complementary and alternative medicine, complementary therapies, palliative care, quality of life, effects on symptoms.
ABSTRACT La medicina complementare e alternativa (CAM, complementary and alternative medicine) è un approccio non farmacologico composto da terapie chiamate complementari che vengono utilizzate per migliorare la qualità della vita e gestire la sintomatologia, che riguarda sia l’aspetto fisico che psicologico della persona, che possono comprendere ad esempio il dolore, l’ansia e la depressione. Lo scopo delle cure palliative è quello di garantire al paziente la miglior qualità di vita possibile. Durante questo percorso sia la persona malata che la famiglia provano forti emozioni negative che possono essere attenuate con le terapie complementari. Obiettivo: Lo scopo di questo elaborato di tesi è quello di analizzare, attraverso la ricerca nella letteratura scientifica, gli effetti della medicina complementare e alternativa e se possa essere un valido approccio globale nella gestione dei sintomi e nel miglioramento della qualità di vita della persona in cure palliative e della sua famiglia. Metodi: È stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura attraverso banche dati quali PubMed e CINAHL, dalle quali sono stati selezionati e revisionati 30 articoli con testo integrale. Risultati: La medicina complementare e alternativa è ancora in corso di studio nell’ambito delle cure palliative, dalle indagini attuate ne conseguono risultati positivi soprattutto per il massaggio terapeutico, la musicoterapia e l’aromaterapia. In questi ultimi approcci sono stati rilevati una riduzione dell’ansia e del dolore, con un aumento del rilassamento e del comfort sia per i pazienti adulti che per quelli pediatrici. Hanno inoltre aiutato a migliorare la qualità del sonno e ad alleviare manifestazioni quali il dolore alla schiena, la nausea e il vomito. È molto importante che il personale venga formato ed informato in modo adeguato, attraverso formazioni e convegni dedicati, in modo che queste cure vengano applicate nella maniera più corretta possibile, tenendo conto delle caratteristiche, delle condizioni e della volontà del paziente. Infatti, se i professionisti non sono ben informati, le terapie complementari possono provocare effetti negativi su alcune sintomatologie del paziente. È il caso, ad esempio dell’aromaterapia: un’essenza troppo forte può provocare un aumento di nausea nella persona assistita. Anche la pet therapy, l’arteterapia e la riflessologia hanno dato buoni risultati, ma sono ancora poco applicate. L’arteterapia in particolar modo ha aiutato la sfera comunicativa nel paziente e nella famiglia, aiutando ad esprimere sensazioni ed emozioni difficili da esteriorizzare in momenti così complicati e delicati. Per quanto riguarda la pet therapy, questa, ha avuto effetti positivi, aiutando concretamente gli amanti degli animali nella riduzione della sintomatologia ansiosa, ma al contrario, ha avuto effetti negativi nelle persone a cui non piacciono gli animali o non ne hanno mai avuti, aumentando la loro ansia. La riflessologia non ha avuto efficacia maggiore rispetto alle altre terapie del tocco, sono tutte delle ottime candidate per garantire il rilassamento e il benessere nei pazienti in cure palliative, se effettuate con costanza. Conclusioni: La medicina complementare e alternativa se ben applicata migliora la qualità di vita e la sintomatologia dei pazienti assistiti in cure palliative, donando sia a loro che alla famiglia che li circonda una sensazione di rilassamento e di benessere. Parole chiave: medicina complementare e alternativa, terapie complementari, cure palliative, qualità di vita, effetti sui sintomi. Keywords: complementary and alternative medicine, complementary therapies, palliative care, quality of life, effects on symptoms.
GLI EFFETTI DELLA MEDICINA COMPLEMENTARE E ALTERNATIVA NELLE CURE PALLIATIVE. UNA REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA
FAUSTINI, SARA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a non-pharmacological approach comprising therapies known as complementary therapies that are used to improve quality of life and manage symptoms, addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of a person. These may include, for example, pain, anxiety, and depression. The goal of palliative care is to ensure the patient achieves the best possible quality of life. Throughout this process, both the sick individual and their family experience intense negative emotions that can be alleviated with complementary therapies. Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze, through research in the scientific literature, the effects of complementary and alternative medicine and whether it can be a valid holistic approach in the management of symptoms and in improving the quality of life for individuals in palliative care and their families. Methods: A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and CINAHL, from which 30 full-text articles were selected and reviewed. Results: Complementary and alternative medicine is still under study in the field of palliative care, and the investigations conducted have yielded positive results, particularly for therapeutic massage, music therapy, and aromatherapy. These approaches have shown a reduction in anxiety and pain, along with increased relaxation and comfort for both adult and pediatric patients. They have also helped improve sleep quality and alleviate symptoms such as back pain, nausea, and vomiting. It is crucial for staff to be adequately trained and informed through dedicated training and conferences so that these therapies are applied as correctly as possible, taking into account the characteristics, conditions, and wishes of the patient. If professionals are not well-informed, complementary therapies can have negative effects on certain symptoms of the patient. For example, aromatherapy: a scent that is too strong can increase nausea in the assisted person. Pet therapy, art therapy, and reflexology have also shown good results but are still underutilized. Art therapy, in particular, has facilitated communication for both patients and families, helping them express feelings and emotions that are difficult to articulate during such complicated and delicate times. Regarding pet therapy, it has had positive effects, particularly for animal lovers in reducing anxiety symptoms, but conversely, it has had negative effects on those who dislike animals or have never had pets, increasing their anxiety. Reflexology has not shown greater efficacy compared to other touch therapies, but all are excellent candidates for ensuring relaxation and well-being in patients receiving palliative care when applied consistently. Conclusions: When applied correctly, complementary and alternative medicine improves the quality of life and symptoms of patients receiving palliative care, providing both them and their surrounding families with a sense of relaxation and well-being. Keywords: complementary and alternative medicine, complementary therapies, palliative care, quality of life, effects on symptoms.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75970