Problem: the patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease in the hospital, suffers from a greater psychological, emotional, behavioral and cognitive decline. This decline it is due in part to the removal from environments familiar to him, from loved ones and to the interruption of the daily routine. In inpatient departments it is often necessary to resort to the pharmacological and chemical restraint to counteract behavioral disorders associated with dementia. Among the major issues related to patient care at the domicile there are the poor education of family members and caregivers about the disease and its evolution, adequate management and care, knowledge of the existence and the usability of support services: such gaps can lead to stress and fatigue of the family and caregivers. Over the past five years, various theories have been published about benefit of increased use of alternative and complementary therapies pharmacological drugs, which can improve family support and consequently patient care. PURPOSE: the purposes of this thesis are to know and investigate the usefulness of therapies alternatives and complementary to the pharmacological ones to support the elderly patient alzheimer's disease and to provide useful information to family members and caregivers who they assist the elderly at home. Materials and methods: for this literature review, articles on the PubMed online database and severaleb KeordOrds: on Pub MED "Alzheimer's", "nursing", "musical therapy Therapy", "Pet therapy", "doll therapy", " alternative therapy, "antipsy chotic", "acetch cholinesterase inhibitors", "monoclonal antibodies", " antioid In other sites: "contents", "epidemiology", "origins", "diagnosis", "treatments". Results: from the studies analyzed it was possible to obtain better results in the management of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, applying non-pharmacological treatments thanks implementation of residual abilities and reduced side effects compared to treatment pharmacological. These treatments proved to be most effective in the home in what was a known environment, reducing stress in caregivers and also costs compared to the hospital environment. Finally, we tried to develop methods that would allow the overcoming managerial defects both in the hospital and home environment, with both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, that is to allow a more effective and optimal management by nurses towards patients with the disease alzheimer's and caregiver. Conclusions: the inclusion criteria in the research were on PubMed were: free access in English published from 2018 to 2024, related to patient care patients with Alzheimer's dementia hospitalized or assisted at home. Exclusion Criteria they were: studies concerning other types of dementia other dementias.
Problema: il paziente affetto da morbo di Alzheimer degente in ospedale, soffre di un declino psicologico, emotivo, comportamentale e cognitivo maggiore. Questo declino risulta dovuto in parte all'allontanamento da ambienti a lui famigliari, dai propri cari ed all'interruzione della routine quotidiana. Nei reparti di degenza spesso è necessario ricorre alla contenzione farmacologica e chimica per contrastare i disturbi comportamentali associati alla demenza. Tra le maggiori problematiche legate all'assistenza del paziente al domicilio ci sono la scarsa educazione dei familiari e dei caregivers in merito alla malattia ed alla sua evoluzione, ad una adeguata gestione e cura, alla conoscenza sull'esistenza e la fruibilità dei servizi di supporto: tali lacune possono portare a stress e stanchezza dei familiari e dei caregivers. Negli ultimi cinque anni sono state pubblicate varie teorie sul beneficio di un maggiore utilizzo di terapie alternative e complementari a quelle farmacologiche, che possono migliorare il supporto alla famiglia e di conseguenza l'assistenza al paziente. SCOPO: gli scopi di questa tesi sono quelli di conoscere ed indagare l'utilità delle terapie alternative e complementari a quelle farmacologiche a supporto del paziente anziano affetto da morbo di Alzheimer e di fornire indicazioni utili ai familiari ed ai caregivers che assistono gli anziani al domicilio. Materiali e metodi: per questa revisione di letteratura sono stati reperiti articoli sulla banca dati online PubMed e sono stati visionati plurimi siti web inerenti ai temi in oggetto. Key words: su Pub MED"Alzheimer", "nursing", "musical therapy", "aroma therapy", "light therapy", "Pet therapy", "doll therapy", "alternative therapy", "occupational therapy", "antipsychotic", "acetylcholinesterase inhibitors", "monoclonal antibodies", "antioxidant". In altri siti: "contenzioni", "epidemiologia", "origini", "diagnosi", "trattamenti". Risultati: dagli studi analizzati si è potuto ottenere risultati migliori nella gestione di pazienti affetti dal morbo di Alzheimer, applicando trattamenti non farmacologici grazie all'implementazione delle abilità residue ed ridotti effetti collaterali rispetto al trattamento farmacologico. Tali trattamenti si dimostravano maggiormente efficaci nel domicilio in quanto era un ambiente conosciuto, riducendo stress nei caregiver ed anche i costi rispetto all'ambiente ospedaliero. Infine si è cercato di elaborare dei metodi che permettessero il superamento di difetti gestionali sia nell'ambiente ospedaliero che domiciliare, con entrambi i trattamenti sia farmacologici che non farmacologici, cio per permettere una gestione più efficace ed ottimale da parte degli infermieri verso pazienti con morbo d'Alzheimer ed caregiver. Conclusioni: i criteri di inclusione nella ricerca sono stati su PubMed erano: articoli di libero accesso in lingua inglese pubblicati dal 2018 al 2024, inerenti l'assistenza ai pazienti affetti da demenza di Alzheimer ospedalizzati o assistiti al domicilio. Criteri di esclusione erano: studi riguardanti gli altri tipi di demenza altre demenze.
METODI PER MIGLIORARE L’ASSISTENZA AI PAZIENTI AFFETTI DAL MORBO DI ALZHEIMER. REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA.
FERRARI, ERIKA
2023/2024
Abstract
Problem: the patient suffering from Alzheimer's disease in the hospital, suffers from a greater psychological, emotional, behavioral and cognitive decline. This decline it is due in part to the removal from environments familiar to him, from loved ones and to the interruption of the daily routine. In inpatient departments it is often necessary to resort to the pharmacological and chemical restraint to counteract behavioral disorders associated with dementia. Among the major issues related to patient care at the domicile there are the poor education of family members and caregivers about the disease and its evolution, adequate management and care, knowledge of the existence and the usability of support services: such gaps can lead to stress and fatigue of the family and caregivers. Over the past five years, various theories have been published about benefit of increased use of alternative and complementary therapies pharmacological drugs, which can improve family support and consequently patient care. PURPOSE: the purposes of this thesis are to know and investigate the usefulness of therapies alternatives and complementary to the pharmacological ones to support the elderly patient alzheimer's disease and to provide useful information to family members and caregivers who they assist the elderly at home. Materials and methods: for this literature review, articles on the PubMed online database and severaleb KeordOrds: on Pub MED "Alzheimer's", "nursing", "musical therapy Therapy", "Pet therapy", "doll therapy", " alternative therapy, "antipsy chotic", "acetch cholinesterase inhibitors", "monoclonal antibodies", " antioid In other sites: "contents", "epidemiology", "origins", "diagnosis", "treatments". Results: from the studies analyzed it was possible to obtain better results in the management of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, applying non-pharmacological treatments thanks implementation of residual abilities and reduced side effects compared to treatment pharmacological. These treatments proved to be most effective in the home in what was a known environment, reducing stress in caregivers and also costs compared to the hospital environment. Finally, we tried to develop methods that would allow the overcoming managerial defects both in the hospital and home environment, with both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, that is to allow a more effective and optimal management by nurses towards patients with the disease alzheimer's and caregiver. Conclusions: the inclusion criteria in the research were on PubMed were: free access in English published from 2018 to 2024, related to patient care patients with Alzheimer's dementia hospitalized or assisted at home. Exclusion Criteria they were: studies concerning other types of dementia other dementias.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/75973