Abstract Problem: Urinary retention is a clinical condition in which the bladder does not empty completely, leading to the accumulation of urine and, in the long term, complications such as urinary infections, kidney failure, and permanent bladder damage. It can present in two forms: acute or chronic. Acute urinary retention occurs suddenly and is characterized by painful bladder distension, whereas chronic urinary retention develops gradually with bladder distension in the absence of painful symptoms, and it is equally dangerous if not managed properly. Both situations require the placement of a urinary catheter. Objectives: The aims of this paper are to identify nursing management strategies for urinary retention, assess the impact on the patient's quality of life, and define strategies for the patient to adopt in order to prevent the risk of infection. Materials and Methods: This study is a bibliographic review of the literature conducted using the PIO (Patient-Intervention-Outcome) method, selecting studies from the following databases: PubMed and CINAHL, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria for the research. Results: 12 studies were selected. The literature highlighted how the nurse plays a fundamental role in the management of patients with a urinary catheter. The main strategies involve educating the patient and the caregiver on how to manage the catheter, infection prevention measures, continuous qualitative and quantitative monitoring of urine output, and the need to recognize signs and symptoms of a potential infection (fever, abdominal pain, cloudy or foul-smelling urine), with the aim of promoting autonomy and reducing anxiety. Discussion and Conclusions: Managing this clinical condition can negatively impact the patient’s quality of life. For good therapeutic adherence, it is essential and the nurse's responsibility to provide the right emotional support, helping the patient manage anxiety and embarrassment, thus improving their psychological well-being. Furthermore, education and training in procedures help reduce complications. Strategies that combine education, psychological support, monitoring, and targeted interventions are essential for the optimal management of urinary retention. Keywords: Urinary retention, nursing strategies, bladder, catheter, quality of life, risk of urinary tract infections, male, management techniques, patient, education, prevention, nursing care.
Riassunto Problema: La ritenzione urinaria è una condizione clinica in cui la vescica non si vuota completamente, provocando l’accumulo di urina e a lungo termine, complicanze come infezioni urinarie, insufficienza renale e danni permanenti alla vescica. Può manifestarsi in due forme: acuta o cronica. La ritenzione urinaria acuta si presenta improvvisamente ed è caratterizzata da distensione dolorosa della vescica, mentre la ritenzione urinaria cronica si sviluppa gradualmente con distensione vescicale in assenza di sintomatologia dolorosa e ugualmente pericolosa se non gestita in maniera adeguata. Entrambe le situazioni necessitano del posizionamento di un catetere vescicale. Obiettivi: Gli obiettivi del presente elaborato, mirano ad identificare le strategie di gestione infermieristiche nella ritenzione urinaria, valutare l’impatto sulla sua qualità di vita del paziente e definire le strategie da far adottare al paziente per prevenire il rischio di infezione. Materiali e Metodi: Questo studio è una revisione bibliografica della letteratura fatta usando il metodo PIO (Paziente-Intervento-Outcome) e selezionando studi provenienti dalle seguenti banche dati: PubMed e Cinahl, considerando criteri di inclusione ed esclusione per la ricerca. Risultati: Sono stati selezionati 12 studi. La letteratura ha evidenziato quanto l’infermiere abbia un ruolo fondamentale nella gestione del paziente con catetere vescicale. Le principali strategie riguardano l’educazione del paziente e del caregiver sulle modalità di gestione del catetere vescicale, sulle misure di prevenzione delle infezioni, sul monitoraggio continuo qualitativo e quantitativo della diuresi e sulla necessità di riconoscere segni e sintomi di una possibile infezione (febbre, dolore addominale, urina torbida o maleodorante), con lo scopo di promuovere l'autonomia e ridurre l'ansia. Discussione e Conclusioni: Per il paziente dover gestire la sua condizione clinica, può influenzare negativamente la qualità di vita, per una buona aderenza terapeutica è fondamentale e competenza dell’infermiere, fornirgli il giusto supporto emotivo aiutandolo a gestire ansia e imbarazzo, migliorando il suo benessere psicologico. Inoltre l’educazione e l’addestramento alle procedure, aiuta a ridurre le complicanze. Le strategie che combinano educazione, supporto psicologico, monitoraggio e interventi mirati sono essenziali per una gestione ottimale della ritenzione urinaria. Keywords: Urinary retention, nursing strategies, bladder, catheter, quality of life, risk of urinary tract infections, male, management techniques, patient, education, prevention, nursing care. Parole chiave: Ritenzione urinaria, strategie infermieristiche, catetere vescicale, qualità di vita, rischio di infezioni alle vie urinarie, uomo, tecniche di gestione, paziente, educazione, prevenzione, assistenza infermieristica
L'INFERMIERE E LA RITENZIONE URINARIA: QUALI STRATEGIE DI GESTIONE
MALUSA, ANNALISA
2023/2024
Abstract
Abstract Problem: Urinary retention is a clinical condition in which the bladder does not empty completely, leading to the accumulation of urine and, in the long term, complications such as urinary infections, kidney failure, and permanent bladder damage. It can present in two forms: acute or chronic. Acute urinary retention occurs suddenly and is characterized by painful bladder distension, whereas chronic urinary retention develops gradually with bladder distension in the absence of painful symptoms, and it is equally dangerous if not managed properly. Both situations require the placement of a urinary catheter. Objectives: The aims of this paper are to identify nursing management strategies for urinary retention, assess the impact on the patient's quality of life, and define strategies for the patient to adopt in order to prevent the risk of infection. Materials and Methods: This study is a bibliographic review of the literature conducted using the PIO (Patient-Intervention-Outcome) method, selecting studies from the following databases: PubMed and CINAHL, considering inclusion and exclusion criteria for the research. Results: 12 studies were selected. The literature highlighted how the nurse plays a fundamental role in the management of patients with a urinary catheter. The main strategies involve educating the patient and the caregiver on how to manage the catheter, infection prevention measures, continuous qualitative and quantitative monitoring of urine output, and the need to recognize signs and symptoms of a potential infection (fever, abdominal pain, cloudy or foul-smelling urine), with the aim of promoting autonomy and reducing anxiety. Discussion and Conclusions: Managing this clinical condition can negatively impact the patient’s quality of life. For good therapeutic adherence, it is essential and the nurse's responsibility to provide the right emotional support, helping the patient manage anxiety and embarrassment, thus improving their psychological well-being. Furthermore, education and training in procedures help reduce complications. Strategies that combine education, psychological support, monitoring, and targeted interventions are essential for the optimal management of urinary retention. Keywords: Urinary retention, nursing strategies, bladder, catheter, quality of life, risk of urinary tract infections, male, management techniques, patient, education, prevention, nursing care.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76011