GLI INFERMIERI COME COADIUTORI ATTIVI NELLA GESTIONE DELL’ANTIBIOTICO RESISTENZA

Background. Antibiotic resistance is not only reversing the advances of modern medicine in recent decades, but it is also increasing the incidence of mortality from infectious diseases. Antibiotic resistance is increasingly a threat to human health as it increases treatment failure, increases relapse of infections and leads to increased health costs. The common perception highlights the improper and superficial use of antibiotics. This subject is often limited to basic knowledge without adequate in depth study of the evolutionary dynamics, causes and countermeasures necessary to avoid the formation of new resistant strains. Purpose and objectives. This review aims to search in the literature for evidence on the mechanism of the antibiotic phenomenon - resistance, analyzing the errors that are committed, identifying possible solutions both for operators and for "laypeople". The aim is to prevent the phenomenon from becoming more widespread and more impactful. Materials and Method. For the writing of the thesis, a literature search was conducted within the following databases: PUBMED/MEDLINE and CINAHL according to selection criteria. Results. The literature search identified 14 studies from primary and secondary literature. The results of the analysis of selected documents show that the nurse is central to patient and family education, in the monitoring and management of antibiotic therapy encouraged by adherence to guidelines and continuous training/ updating is essential to mitigate the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance. Conclusions. To effectively counter antibiotic resistance, a cultural and operational change, which sees nurses not only as performers but also as as professionals actively engaged in the management and prevention of infections. Keywords:“Antibiotic resistance AND health AND students university”; “Antibiotic stewardship AND nursing education AND recommendations”; “Bedside AND stewardship AND nurses”; “Clinical nurse AND factors contributing AND infection prevention”;“Hand Hygiene AND nonsterile gloves AND hospital”; “Involving Infection control AND acute care AND nurses strategy”; “Multidisciplinary AND stewardship implementation AND disease”; “Nurse AND antibiotic resistance AND precaution”; “Nursing protocol AND stewardship AND promoting patient health”; “Nursing stewardship AND antibiotic AND governance”; “Personnel clothing AND pathogen transmission AND bacterial contamination”; “Prescribing antibiotic AND inpatients AND safety”; “Removal AND contact precautions AND patients”.

Background. L’antibiotico resistenza non solo sta vanificando i progressi della medicina moderna degli ultimi decenni, ma sta aumentando l’incidenza di mortalità delle malattia infettive. L’antibiotico resistenza rappresenta sempre più una minaccia alla salute umana dato che aumenta il fallimento dei trattamenti, aumenta le ricadute delle infezioni e comporta un aumento dei costi sanitari. La percezione comune evidenzia l'uso improprio e superficiale degli antibiotici. Questa tematica è spesso limitata a nozioni di base senza un adeguato approfondimento delle dinamiche evolutive, delle cause e delle strategie di contrasto necessarie per evitare la formazione di nuovi ceppi resistenti. Finalità e Obiettivi. Questa revisione si propone di ricercare in letteratura evidenze sul meccanismo del fenomeno dell’antibiotico - resistenza, analizzando gli errori che vengono commessi, individuando le possibili soluzioni sia per gli operatori e sia per i “laici”. L’obiettivo è prevenire che il fenomeno diventi ancora più impattante e diffuso. Materiali e Metodo. Per la stesura della tesi di laurea, è stata condotta una ricerca della letteratura all’interno delle seguenti banche dati: PUBMED/MEDLINE e CINAHL secondo individuazione di criteri di selezione. Risultati. La ricerca in letteratura ha permesso di individuare 14 studi appartenenti alla letteratura primaria e secondaria. I risultati emersi dall’analisi dei documenti selezionati dimostrano come la centralità dell’infermiere nell’educazione del paziente e dei familiari, nel monitoraggio e gestione della terapia antibiotica incentivato dall’aderenza alle linee guida e da formazione/ aggiornamento continuo sia essenziale per mitigare il fenomeno dell’antibiotico resistenza. Conclusioni. Per contrastare efficacemente l’antibiotico resistenza, è necessario un cambiamento culturale e operativo, che veda gli infermieri non solo come esecutori, ma come professionisti attivamente impegnati nella gestione e prevenzione delle infezioni. Keywords:“Antibiotic resistance AND health AND students university”; “Antibiotic stewardship AND nursing education AND recommendations”; “Bedside AND stewardship AND nurses”; “Clinical nurse AND factors contributing AND infection prevention”;“Hand Hygiene AND nonsterile gloves AND hospital”; “Involving Infection control AND acute care AND nurses strategy”; “Multidisciplinary AND stewardship implementation AND disease”; “Nurse AND antibiotic resistance AND precaution”; “Nursing protocol AND stewardship AND promoting patient health”; “Nursing stewardship AND antibiotic AND governance”; “Personnel clothing AND pathogen transmission AND bacterial contamination”; “Prescribing antibiotic AND inpatients AND safety”; “Removal AND contact precautions AND patients”.