Background: we have often heard of palliative care on the one hand and psychiatric patients on the other, but only a few times have we faced an interaction between the two different disciplines. The complexities and the care of these patients require adequate training for the correct management of the care to be provided. Purpose: thanks to the formulation of different research questions, we wanted to frame the problem related to psychiatric patients in palliative care, through an analysis of the literature found. Materials and methods: the main research question that we wanted to answer through a review of the literature was the following: “In psychiatric patients in palliative care, does a multidisciplinary care and recognition of the complexity of these patients lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life and the effective management of psychiatric and physical symptoms?” To better integrate the research, the following secondary questions were formulated: 1. What are the ethical issues that arise in psychiatric patients and what are the responses and attitudes used to address these issues? 2. What is currently known about the integration of palliative care in the care of people with mental disorders? 3. What are the barriers and limitations that can be encountered in accessing palliative care? 4. What changes can be made to improve and make the most of the use of palliative care? 5. What is the opinion of patients and nurses? 6. Palliative psychiatry: a new approach? Through the PIO method, the search strings were created, followed by the consultation of the PubMed database, scientific journals, official websites and manuals and direct experiences of nurses to propose a picture as complete as possible. Results: the results revealed barriers and limitations that hinder the interaction between psychiatry and palliative care. By proposing possible changes and aspects that can be improved, the main result (to the primary question) confirms that a multidisciplinary approach and the recognition of the patient's complexity, together with other measures, can lead to an improvement in the patient's quality of life and his/her care. Conclusions: the thesis has highlighted the importance of a person-centered approach, which once again is not limited to the simple control of physical or psychological symptoms but which considers the patient's needs that aim to improve the quality of life. The integration of these two areas of care, although still fragmented in some aspects, represents a fundamental step to take to move towards global care capable of respecting the dignity and needs of the patient in the terminal phase of his/her life. Key words (key words): psychiatric patient, palliative care, complexity and barriers of care, palliative psychiatry.
Background: si è spesso sentito parlare di cure palliative da una parte e di pazienti psichiatrici dall’altra, ma solo poche volte ci si è posti di fronte ad un’interazione delle due diverse discipline. Le complessità e la presa in carico di questi pazienti richiede una formazione adeguata alla corretta gestione dell’assistenza da prestare. Scopo: grazie alla formulazione di diversi quesiti di ricerca si è voluto inquadrare il problema relativo ai pazienti psichiatrici in cure palliative, attraverso un’analisi della letteratura reperita. Materiali e metodi: il quesito di ricerca principale a cui si è voluto dare risposta attraverso una revisione della letteratura è stato il seguente: “Nei pazienti psichiatrici in cure palliative, una presa in carico multidisciplinare e riconoscimento della complessità di questi pazienti porta a un miglioramento significativo della qualità della vita e alla gestione efficace dei sintomi psichiatrici e fisici?” Per meglio integrare la ricerca sono stati formulati i seguenti quesiti secondari: 1. Quali sono le questioni etiche che sorgono nei pazienti psichiatrici e quali sono la risposta e gli atteggiamenti utilizzati per fronteggiare queste problematiche? 2. Cosa si sa attualmente sull’integrazione delle cure palliative nell’assistenza delle persone con disturbo mentale? 3. Quali sono le barriere e limiti che possono essere incontrati nell’accesso alle cure palliative? 4. Quali modifiche possono essere apportate per migliorare e sfruttare al meglio l’utilizzo delle cure palliative? 5. Qual è l’opinione di pazienti e infermieri? 6. Psichiatria palliativa: un nuovo approccio? Attraverso il metodo PIO sono state create le stringhe di ricerca, seguite poi dalla consultazione della banca dati PubMed, da riviste scientifiche, siti ufficiali e da manuali ed esperienze dirette di infermieri per proporre un quadro il più completo possibile. Risultati: dai risultati sono emerse delle barriere e limiti che ostacolano l’interazione tra psichiatria e cure palliative. Proponendo le eventuali modifiche e gli aspetti su cui si può migliorare, il risultato principale (al quesito primario) conferma che una presa in carico multidisciplinare ed il riconoscimento della complessità del paziente, insieme ad altri accorgimenti, possono portare ad un miglioramento della qualità di vita del paziente e della sua assistenza. Conclusioni: la tesi ha messo in luce l’importanza di un approccio centrato sulla persona, che ancora una volta non si limiti al semplice controllo dei sintomi fisici o psichici ma che consideri i bisogni del paziente che puntino al miglioramento della qualità di vita. L’integrazione di questi due ambiti di cura, sebbene in alcuni aspetti ancora frammentaria, rappresenta un passo fondamentale da compiere per andare verso un’assistenza globale in grado di rispettare la dignità e i bisogni del paziente nella fase terminale della sua vita. Key words (parole chiavi): psychiatric patient, palliative care, complexity and barriers of care, palliative psychiatry.
Dialogo tra corpo e mente: le cure palliative nel paziente psichiatrico
SCANDELLA, BEATRICE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: we have often heard of palliative care on the one hand and psychiatric patients on the other, but only a few times have we faced an interaction between the two different disciplines. The complexities and the care of these patients require adequate training for the correct management of the care to be provided. Purpose: thanks to the formulation of different research questions, we wanted to frame the problem related to psychiatric patients in palliative care, through an analysis of the literature found. Materials and methods: the main research question that we wanted to answer through a review of the literature was the following: “In psychiatric patients in palliative care, does a multidisciplinary care and recognition of the complexity of these patients lead to a significant improvement in the quality of life and the effective management of psychiatric and physical symptoms?” To better integrate the research, the following secondary questions were formulated: 1. What are the ethical issues that arise in psychiatric patients and what are the responses and attitudes used to address these issues? 2. What is currently known about the integration of palliative care in the care of people with mental disorders? 3. What are the barriers and limitations that can be encountered in accessing palliative care? 4. What changes can be made to improve and make the most of the use of palliative care? 5. What is the opinion of patients and nurses? 6. Palliative psychiatry: a new approach? Through the PIO method, the search strings were created, followed by the consultation of the PubMed database, scientific journals, official websites and manuals and direct experiences of nurses to propose a picture as complete as possible. Results: the results revealed barriers and limitations that hinder the interaction between psychiatry and palliative care. By proposing possible changes and aspects that can be improved, the main result (to the primary question) confirms that a multidisciplinary approach and the recognition of the patient's complexity, together with other measures, can lead to an improvement in the patient's quality of life and his/her care. Conclusions: the thesis has highlighted the importance of a person-centered approach, which once again is not limited to the simple control of physical or psychological symptoms but which considers the patient's needs that aim to improve the quality of life. The integration of these two areas of care, although still fragmented in some aspects, represents a fundamental step to take to move towards global care capable of respecting the dignity and needs of the patient in the terminal phase of his/her life. Key words (key words): psychiatric patient, palliative care, complexity and barriers of care, palliative psychiatry.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76088