Background. Today, the world of young people who study, work, produce and the world of young people who use drugs or abuse alcohol are no longer worlds apart. There is no longer the figure of the addict who is dysfunctional to the system; in its place, a new generation of integrated users is consolidating, who use drugs and alcohol without the need to leave their daily routine (Schiralli & Mariani, 2012). In Italy, assistance to people suffering from pathological dependence is guaranteed throughout the country as it is included in the Livelli Essenziali di Assistenza (LEA). Addiction Services offer assistance both to people with disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances and to people with psychiatric comorbidity and addictive behaviour. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this paper is to analyse, through a literature review of several scientific articles, the interventions that a multidisciplinary team can apply to effectively reduce the incidence of substance use in young people. This review aims to identify interventions, skills and knowledge that can play an active role in health promotion and prevention of risky behaviour among young people. Materials and Method. A literature search via the PUBMED database was conducted for this thesis, applying precise selection criteria. Results. The literature search identified 11 studies. The results that emerged from the analysis of the selected documents support the existence of multiple interventions, also linked to new technologies and the strengthening of life skills, that demonstrate effectiveness in preventing and reducing substance use. Conclusions. The implementation of prevention programmes is crucial to improve the health education of young people and reduce the incidence of addiction. Involving young people by personalising the activities is one strategy to encourage participation in the programmes, and a second strategy is to take advantage of new technologies by developing digital methods that are much closer to young people and their daily lives, while also reducing the costs and time of implementation. During the creation of a prevention project, according to the studies reviewed, enhancing life skills is an effective solution, as it enables young people to acquire the necessary skills to deal with the problems, pressures and stresses of everyday life, thus limiting the chances of developing risky behaviour. Keywords. The following keywords were used: ‘educational programme’, ‘substance abuse’, ‘substance use’, ‘primary prevention’, ‘life skills education’, ‘educational interventions’, ‘youth additions’, ‘prevention programme’, ‘illicit drug’, ‘addiction’, ‘prevention’, ‘education’, ‘peer education’.
Background. Oggi il mondo dei giovani che studiano, lavorano, producono e il mondo dei ragazzi che consumano sostanze stupefacenti o abusano di bevande alcoliche non sono più mondi separati. Non vi è più la figura del tossicodipendente disfunzionale al sistema; al suo posto si sta consolidando una nuova generazione di consumatori integrati, che usano sostanze stupefacenti e alcol senza il bisogno di uscire dalla propria routine quotidiana (Schiralli & Mariani, 2012). In Italia, l’assistenza alle persone affette da dipendenza patologica è garantita su tutto il territorio nazionale in quanto rientra tra i Livelli Essenziali di Assistenza (LEA). I Servizi per le Dipendenze offrono assistenza sia a persone con disturbi correlati all’assunzione di sostanze psicoattive sia a persone con comorbilità psichiatrica e con comportamenti additivi. Finalità e Obiettivi. L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è quello di analizzare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura di diversi articoli scientifici, gli interventi che un’equipe multidisciplinare può applicare per ridurre efficacemente l’incidenza dell’uso di sostanze nei giovani. Questa revisione mira a identificare gli interventi, le capacità e le conoscenze che possano svolgere un ruolo attivo nella promozione della salute e prevenzione di comportamenti a rischio tra i giovani. Materiali e Metodo. Per la stesura di questa tesi è stata condotta una ricerca in letteratura tramite la banca dati PUBMED applicando precisi criteri di selezione. Risultati. La ricerca in letteratura ha permesso di individuare 11 studi. I risultati emersi dall’analisi dei documenti selezionati avvalorano l’esistenza di molteplici interventi, legati anche alle nuove tecnologie e al potenziamento delle life skills, che dimostrano un’efficacia nel prevenire e ridurre l’uso di sostanze. Conclusioni. L’applicazione di programmi di prevenzione è fondamentale per migliorare l’educazione sanitaria dei giovani e ridurre l’incidenza delle dipendenze. Coinvolgere i giovani personalizzando le attività è una strategia per incentivare la partecipazione ai programmi, inoltre una seconda strategia è sfruttare le nuove tecnologie sviluppando modalità digitali molto più vicine ai giovani e alla loro quotidianità, riducendo anche i costi e tempi di applicazione. Durante la creazione di un progetto di prevenzione, secondo gli studi esaminati, potenziare le life skills è una soluzione efficace, in quanto permettono ai ragazzi di acquisire le competenze necessarie ad affrontare i problemi, le pressioni e gli stress della vita quotidiana limitando le possibilità di sviluppare comportamenti a rischio. Keywords. Sono state utilizzate le seguenti parole chiave: “educational program”, “substance abuse”, “substance use”, “primary prevention”, “life skills education”, “educational interventions”, “youth additions”, “prevention program”, “illicit drug”, “addiction”, “prevention”, “education”, “peer education”.
Abuso di sostanze nell’adolescenza: la riduzione dell’incidenza attraverso interventi di educazione e prevenzione delle equipe multiprofessionali
TRAVAGLIA, MATTIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background. Today, the world of young people who study, work, produce and the world of young people who use drugs or abuse alcohol are no longer worlds apart. There is no longer the figure of the addict who is dysfunctional to the system; in its place, a new generation of integrated users is consolidating, who use drugs and alcohol without the need to leave their daily routine (Schiralli & Mariani, 2012). In Italy, assistance to people suffering from pathological dependence is guaranteed throughout the country as it is included in the Livelli Essenziali di Assistenza (LEA). Addiction Services offer assistance both to people with disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances and to people with psychiatric comorbidity and addictive behaviour. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this paper is to analyse, through a literature review of several scientific articles, the interventions that a multidisciplinary team can apply to effectively reduce the incidence of substance use in young people. This review aims to identify interventions, skills and knowledge that can play an active role in health promotion and prevention of risky behaviour among young people. Materials and Method. A literature search via the PUBMED database was conducted for this thesis, applying precise selection criteria. Results. The literature search identified 11 studies. The results that emerged from the analysis of the selected documents support the existence of multiple interventions, also linked to new technologies and the strengthening of life skills, that demonstrate effectiveness in preventing and reducing substance use. Conclusions. The implementation of prevention programmes is crucial to improve the health education of young people and reduce the incidence of addiction. Involving young people by personalising the activities is one strategy to encourage participation in the programmes, and a second strategy is to take advantage of new technologies by developing digital methods that are much closer to young people and their daily lives, while also reducing the costs and time of implementation. During the creation of a prevention project, according to the studies reviewed, enhancing life skills is an effective solution, as it enables young people to acquire the necessary skills to deal with the problems, pressures and stresses of everyday life, thus limiting the chances of developing risky behaviour. Keywords. The following keywords were used: ‘educational programme’, ‘substance abuse’, ‘substance use’, ‘primary prevention’, ‘life skills education’, ‘educational interventions’, ‘youth additions’, ‘prevention programme’, ‘illicit drug’, ‘addiction’, ‘prevention’, ‘education’, ‘peer education’.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76118