Introduction: Food allergy is a rapidly growing disease worldwide in pediatrics. Prevalence data indicate an increase of almost 10% in recent years, weighing on healthcare worldwide. The most serious form of allergy is anaphylaxis, which requires correct and timely management, as it can be fatal. The nurse plays an important role both in the acute phase management and in the education and follow-up phase, although, in Italy, the role of the nurse in this area could be further enhanced. Objective of the study: the following literature review aims to highlight the role of the nursing figure, in a multidisciplinary team, in the management of anaphylaxis and food allergy and in the creation of educational paths aimed at informing and training the family, the school and the child. Materials and methods: the paper is configured as a literature review, written using the PICO method. In order to identify the studies used, databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library were consulted. Furthermore, sites of national and international relevance such as WAO and Food Allergy Italia were consulted. Results: the search was carried out through generic search strings, as specific ones led to extremely limited or absent results. In total, 119 articles were identified, of which only 3 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the research question of this thesis. In summary, the articles analyzed indicate that the health education provided today in the field of pediatric food allergy is still very vague, poorly defined and limited. As highlighted in the articles discussed in the thesis, the role of the nurse in the educational field has not yet been taken into consideration, despite this figure being of fundamental importance in this professional aspect. Nowadays, in fact, parents, school and even the child himself, affected by this pathology, struggle to manage food allergy, especially in emergency situations leading the little patient to experience moments of exclusion during moments of conviviality, such as meals. Conclusions: Management and health education in the field of food allergy and anaphylaxis in pediatric age is poor and ineffective, with a potential negative impact on patient safety. There is therefore ample space to integrate the nursing figure into the multidisciplinary management and care team, especially for the important role in the education of the patient, family and school that the nurse can play.
Introduzione: l’allergia alimentare è una patologia in estrema crescita a livello mondiale in ambito pediatrico. I dati di prevalenza indicano un incremento del quasi 10% negli ultimi anni, gravando sulla sanità a livello mondiale. La forma piu’ grave di allergia e’ l’anafilassi, che richiede una corretta e tempestiva gestione, in quanto può essere fatale. L’infermiere svolge un ruolo importante sia nella gestione in fase acuta, sia in fase di educazione e follow-up, anche se, in Italia, il ruolo dell’infermiere in quest’ambito potrebbe essere ulteriormente valorizzato. Obiettivo dello studio: la seguente revisione della letteratura ha come obiettivo quello di mettere in evidenza il ruolo della figura infermieristica, in un’equipe multidisciplinare, nella gestione dell’anafilassi e dell’allergia alimentare e nella creazione di percorsi educativi volti ad informare e formare la famiglia, la scuola ed il bambino. Materiali e metodi: l’elaborato si configura come una revisione della letteratura, redatta utilizzando il metodo PICO. Per l’individuazione degli studi utilizzati sono state consultate banche dati quali: PubMed e Cochrane Library.Inoltre, sono stati consultati siti di rilevanza nazionale ed internazionale come WAO e Food Allergy Italia. Risultati: la ricerca è avvenuta attraverso stringhe di ricerca generiche, in quanto quelle specifiche hanno portato a risultati estremamente limitati o assenti. In tutto sono stati individuati 119 articoli, di cui solo 3 articoli rispettavano i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione per la domanda di ricerca di questo elaborato di tesi. In sintesi, gli articoli analizzati indicano che l’educazione sanitaria fornita oggi nell’ambito dell’allergia alimentare pediatrica risulti essere ancora molto vaga, poco definita e limitata. Come evidenziato negli articoli trattati nella tesi, il ruolo dell’infermiere in ambito educativo non è ancora stato preso in considerazione, nonostante questa figura risulti essere di fondamentale importanza su questo aspetto professionale. Al giorno d’oggi infatti genitori, scuola e anche il bambino stesso, affetto da tale patologia, faticano a gestire l’allergia alimentare, soprattutto in situazioni di emergenza portando il piccolo paziente a vivere momenti di esclusione durante i momenti di convivialità, quali i pasti. Conclusioni: La gestione e l’educazione sanitaria in ambito di allergia alimentare e anafilassi in età pediatrica risulta essere scarsa ed inefficace, con potenziale impatto negativo sulla sicurezza del paziente. Vi e’ quindi ampio spazio per integrare la figura infermieristica nell’equipe multidisciplinare di gestione e cura, soprattutto per l’importante ruolo nell’educazione di paziente, famiglia e scuola che l’infermiere puo’ svolgere.
Presa in carico infermieristica dei pazienti pediatrici con allergia alimentare a rischio di anafilassi
TREVISAN, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Food allergy is a rapidly growing disease worldwide in pediatrics. Prevalence data indicate an increase of almost 10% in recent years, weighing on healthcare worldwide. The most serious form of allergy is anaphylaxis, which requires correct and timely management, as it can be fatal. The nurse plays an important role both in the acute phase management and in the education and follow-up phase, although, in Italy, the role of the nurse in this area could be further enhanced. Objective of the study: the following literature review aims to highlight the role of the nursing figure, in a multidisciplinary team, in the management of anaphylaxis and food allergy and in the creation of educational paths aimed at informing and training the family, the school and the child. Materials and methods: the paper is configured as a literature review, written using the PICO method. In order to identify the studies used, databases such as PubMed and Cochrane Library were consulted. Furthermore, sites of national and international relevance such as WAO and Food Allergy Italia were consulted. Results: the search was carried out through generic search strings, as specific ones led to extremely limited or absent results. In total, 119 articles were identified, of which only 3 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the research question of this thesis. In summary, the articles analyzed indicate that the health education provided today in the field of pediatric food allergy is still very vague, poorly defined and limited. As highlighted in the articles discussed in the thesis, the role of the nurse in the educational field has not yet been taken into consideration, despite this figure being of fundamental importance in this professional aspect. Nowadays, in fact, parents, school and even the child himself, affected by this pathology, struggle to manage food allergy, especially in emergency situations leading the little patient to experience moments of exclusion during moments of conviviality, such as meals. Conclusions: Management and health education in the field of food allergy and anaphylaxis in pediatric age is poor and ineffective, with a potential negative impact on patient safety. There is therefore ample space to integrate the nursing figure into the multidisciplinary management and care team, especially for the important role in the education of the patient, family and school that the nurse can play.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76119