Background: The theoretical framework provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the use of restraints in nursing practice. Physical restraint, defined as the use of physical means to limit a patient's movements, is a controversial practice widely discussed in literature. A crucial aspect concerns the level of knowledge and competence of nurses regarding physical restraints. Previous studies have shown that adequate training can significantly reduce the use of restraints and improve overall patient management. Furthermore, the perception and attitude of nurses towards physical restraints can influence their application in clinical practice. Scopo dello studio: The study aimed to understand the level of knowledge that nurses possess about the practice of physical restraints, analyzing both the existing literature and observations within the Geriatrics Department at the Angelo Hospital AULSS3. Methods: The review of the FNOPI article (Gaeta et al., 2019) highlights the tool used as a starting point for this study: the Administered Structured Questionnaire by Janelli LM et al. (1992), from which two items were extracted to create the self-constructed tool used in this study. The questionnaire was distributed by hand, in paper format, to the nurses of the Geriatrics Unit at the Angelo Hospital AULSS3. The presence of the student during shift change allowed for the presentation of the questionnaire and encouraged completion, ensuring greater participation and accuracy. Results: The total number of healthcare professionals from the Complex Operative Unit of Geriatrics at Angelo Hospital who were offered the questionnaire was 25, with 16 agreeing to participate. All participants hold a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and their ages ranged from under thirty to over fifty. Only 4 nurses had completed specific training on physical restraints, and none had received training on de-escalation techniques. The majority of nurses (11) reported no additional training. In Domain 1, the analysis of responses, based on the classification of answers as "correct" or "incorrect," revealed an overall average of 4.06 “incorrect” answers, with recurring “errors” in certain specific topics, while in other areas, most participants provided correct responses. Trained professionals made an average of 3.2 “errors,” compared to 4.5 “errors” made by untrained professionals. In Domain 2, nurses demonstrated a strong awareness of the importance of ensuring patient safety and respecting patient dignity, yet only 68.75% felt adequately prepared. Almost half of the participants cited staff shortages as a justification for the use of restraints. Discussion and Conclusions: The results confirm existing literature on nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward physical restraints, showing moderate knowledge and a lack of ongoing training. However, discrepancies emerge compared to previous studies: while the literature indicates greater awareness regarding documentation and guidelines, this study reveals recurring “errors” in specific areas of physical restraint. These gaps highlight the need for continuous training and targeted educational programs to improve clinical practice and ensure a more ethical use of physical restraints.
Problema: Il quadro teorico fornisce una panoramica delle conoscenze attuali riguardo all'uso delle contenzioni in ambito infermieristico. La contenzione fisica, definita come l’utilizzo di mezzi fisici per limitare i movimenti di un paziente, è una pratica controversa e discussa in letteratura. Un aspetto cruciale riguarda il livello di conoscenza e competenza degli infermieri rispetto alle contenzioni fisiche. Studi precedenti hanno mostrato che una formazione adeguata può ridurre significativamente l'uso delle contenzioni e migliorare la gestione complessiva dei pazienti. Inoltre, la percezione e l'atteggiamento degli infermieri verso le contenzioni fisiche possono influenzare il loro utilizzo nella pratica clinica. Scopo dello Studio: Lo studio si è posto lo scopo di comprendere il livello di conoscenza degli infermieri riguardo la pratica delle contenzioni fisiche, analizzando sia quanto emerge in letteratura che quanto osservato all’interno del reparto di Geriatria dell’Ospedale dell’Angelo AULSS3. Materiali e Metodi: La lettura dell’articolo della FNOPI (Gaeta et al., 2019) mette in luce lo strumento utilizzato come base di partenza per questo studio, si tratta dell’Administered Structured Questionnaire di Janelli LM et al (1992), dal quale sono stati estratti due item, che compongono lo strumento auto redatto utilizzato nello studio. Il questionario è stato somministrato brevi manu, in formato cartaceo, agli infermieri dell’unità operativa di Geriatria dell’Ospedale dell’Angelo AULSS3 Serenissima, durante l'orario di cambio turno ha permesso di presentare il questionario e stimolare la compilazione, assicurando una maggiore partecipazione e accuratezza nelle risposte. Risultati: Il numero totale di Professionisti Sanitari, afferenti all’Unità Operativa Complessa di Geriatria dell’Ospedale dell’Angelo, a cui è stato proposto il questionario è di 25, 16 dei quali hanno acconsentito alla compilazione. Tutti i partecipanti possiedono una Laurea Triennale in Infermieristica, con una distribuzione di età che varia dai meno di trent’anni ai più di cinquanta. Solo 4 infermieri hanno seguito corsi specifici sulle contenzioni fisiche e nessuno su tecniche di De-escalation. La maggior parte degli infermieri (11) non ha ricevuto formazione aggiuntiva. Nel Dominio 1, analizzando i dati raccolti, rispetto a come il questionario interpreta risposta “corretta” o “scorretta”, la media totale di risposte “scorrette” è stata di 4.06, con “errori” ricorrenti in alcuni argomenti specifici, mentre in altri la maggior parte dei partecipanti ha fornito risposte corrette. I Professionisti formati hanno commesso mediamente 3,2 “errori”, rispetto ai 4,5 “errori” dei partecipanti non formati. Nel Dominio 2, gli infermieri mostrano una buona consapevolezza riguardo all'importanza di garantire la sicurezza dei pazienti e il rispetto della loro dignità, ma solo il 68,75% si sente adeguatamente preparato. La carenza di personale è vista da quasi metà dei partecipanti come una giustificazione per l’uso delle contenzioni. Discussione e Conclusione: I risultati confermano la letteratura esistente sulla conoscenza e le attitudini degli infermieri verso le contenzioni fisiche, mostrando una conoscenza moderata e una mancanza di formazione continua. Tuttavia, emergono discrepanze rispetto a studi precedenti: mentre la letteratura indica una maggiore consapevolezza riguardo alla documentazione e alle linee guida, il presente studio rivela “errori” ricorrenti in aree specifiche della contenzione fisica. Queste lacune indicano la necessità di formazione continua e programmi educativi mirati per migliorare la pratica clinica e garantire un uso più etico delle contenzioni fisiche.
Gli infermieri e la contenzione: uno studio osservazionale trasversale
VIANELLO, GAIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: The theoretical framework provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the use of restraints in nursing practice. Physical restraint, defined as the use of physical means to limit a patient's movements, is a controversial practice widely discussed in literature. A crucial aspect concerns the level of knowledge and competence of nurses regarding physical restraints. Previous studies have shown that adequate training can significantly reduce the use of restraints and improve overall patient management. Furthermore, the perception and attitude of nurses towards physical restraints can influence their application in clinical practice. Scopo dello studio: The study aimed to understand the level of knowledge that nurses possess about the practice of physical restraints, analyzing both the existing literature and observations within the Geriatrics Department at the Angelo Hospital AULSS3. Methods: The review of the FNOPI article (Gaeta et al., 2019) highlights the tool used as a starting point for this study: the Administered Structured Questionnaire by Janelli LM et al. (1992), from which two items were extracted to create the self-constructed tool used in this study. The questionnaire was distributed by hand, in paper format, to the nurses of the Geriatrics Unit at the Angelo Hospital AULSS3. The presence of the student during shift change allowed for the presentation of the questionnaire and encouraged completion, ensuring greater participation and accuracy. Results: The total number of healthcare professionals from the Complex Operative Unit of Geriatrics at Angelo Hospital who were offered the questionnaire was 25, with 16 agreeing to participate. All participants hold a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and their ages ranged from under thirty to over fifty. Only 4 nurses had completed specific training on physical restraints, and none had received training on de-escalation techniques. The majority of nurses (11) reported no additional training. In Domain 1, the analysis of responses, based on the classification of answers as "correct" or "incorrect," revealed an overall average of 4.06 “incorrect” answers, with recurring “errors” in certain specific topics, while in other areas, most participants provided correct responses. Trained professionals made an average of 3.2 “errors,” compared to 4.5 “errors” made by untrained professionals. In Domain 2, nurses demonstrated a strong awareness of the importance of ensuring patient safety and respecting patient dignity, yet only 68.75% felt adequately prepared. Almost half of the participants cited staff shortages as a justification for the use of restraints. Discussion and Conclusions: The results confirm existing literature on nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward physical restraints, showing moderate knowledge and a lack of ongoing training. However, discrepancies emerge compared to previous studies: while the literature indicates greater awareness regarding documentation and guidelines, this study reveals recurring “errors” in specific areas of physical restraint. These gaps highlight the need for continuous training and targeted educational programs to improve clinical practice and ensure a more ethical use of physical restraints.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76133