Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by multiple factors, mainly genetic but also hypothesised to be environmental. Today, it involves an increasing number of children, approximately 1% of the population, and the main diagnostic criteria refer to a number of specific manuals, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM - V; 2013), the International Classification of Diseases (ICD - 10; 2016 and ICD - 11; 2019) and the International Classification of Functioning (ICF; 2001). The diagnosis of ASD is based on clinical observation and involves a multidisciplinary team. A very important aspect that is taken into account during observation of the child concerns the sensory sphere, which may present certain alterations linked, for example, to conditions of hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory stimuli. In the course of this paper, we therefore illustrate the components of sensoriality, focusing on the main theories, sensory alterations and the major treatments used to improve sensory anomalies. However, work on the sphere of sensoriality cannot exclude the communicative and relational component. In fact, in order to set up effective and appropriate work for each child, it is necessary to establish a relationship that allows us to create a bond of mutual trust, taking into account the communicative aspect (verbal and non-verbal). The sensory intervention that is outlined within this thesis includes the use of a sensory book, with an animal theme, creatively produced to allow the setting up of a fruitful and flexible but at the same time fun and motivating work. The results show that the use of such a tool favours the establishment of a positive relationship with the child and enables work on the sensory sphere in a more versatile manner.
Il disturbo dello spettro autistico (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD) è una patologia del neurosviluppo causata da molteplici fattori, principalmente genetici ma si ipotizza anche ambientali. Ad oggi coinvolge un numero sempre più crescente di bambini, circa l’1% della popolazione e i criteri diagnostici principali si riferiscono ad alcuni manuali specifici, tra cui il Manuale Diagnostico e Statistico dei Disturbi Mentali (DSM – V; 2013), la Classificazione Internazionale delle Malattie (ICD – 10; 2016 e ICD – 11; 2019) e la Classificazione Internazionale del Funzionamento (ICF; 2001). La diagnosi di ASD si basa sull’osservazione clinica e coinvolge un équipe multidisciplinare. Un aspetto molto importante che si prende in considerazione durante l’osservazione del bambino riguarda la sfera della sensorialità, che può presentare alcune alterazioni legate, ad esempio, a condizioni di iper o ipo reattività agli stimoli sensoriali. Nel corso di questo elaborato, si illustrano perciò le componenti della sensorialità, soffermandosi sulle principali teorie, sulle alterazioni sensoriali e sui maggiori trattamenti utilizzati per migliorare le anomalie sensoriali. Tuttavia, il lavoro sulla sfera della sensorialità non può escludere la componente comunicativa e relazionale. Infatti, al fine di impostare un lavoro efficace e adeguato per ogni bambino è necessario stabilire una relazione che ci permetta di creare un legame di fiducia reciproca, tenendo in considerazione l’aspetto comunicativo (verbale e non verbale). L’intervento sulla sensorialità che si delinea all’interno di questa tesi comprende l’utilizzo di un libro sensoriale, a tema animali, realizzato in maniera creativa per permettere di impostare un lavoro proficuo e flessibile ma allo stesso tempo divertente e motivante. I risultati raccolti, dimostrano che l’utilizzo di tale strumento favorisca l’instaurare di una relazione positiva con il bambino e permetta di lavorare sulla sfera sensoriale in maniera più versatile.
Sperimentare per apprendere - Il canale della sensorialità applicato all'autismo
TOGNON, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by multiple factors, mainly genetic but also hypothesised to be environmental. Today, it involves an increasing number of children, approximately 1% of the population, and the main diagnostic criteria refer to a number of specific manuals, including the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM - V; 2013), the International Classification of Diseases (ICD - 10; 2016 and ICD - 11; 2019) and the International Classification of Functioning (ICF; 2001). The diagnosis of ASD is based on clinical observation and involves a multidisciplinary team. A very important aspect that is taken into account during observation of the child concerns the sensory sphere, which may present certain alterations linked, for example, to conditions of hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory stimuli. In the course of this paper, we therefore illustrate the components of sensoriality, focusing on the main theories, sensory alterations and the major treatments used to improve sensory anomalies. However, work on the sphere of sensoriality cannot exclude the communicative and relational component. In fact, in order to set up effective and appropriate work for each child, it is necessary to establish a relationship that allows us to create a bond of mutual trust, taking into account the communicative aspect (verbal and non-verbal). The sensory intervention that is outlined within this thesis includes the use of a sensory book, with an animal theme, creatively produced to allow the setting up of a fruitful and flexible but at the same time fun and motivating work. The results show that the use of such a tool favours the establishment of a positive relationship with the child and enables work on the sensory sphere in a more versatile manner.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76182