INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder that can occur in the first weeks after birth or months after the birth of a child, with potential negative repercussions on maternal psychological and physical well-being and on the development of the mother-child bond. In the first days after birth mothers can experience “baby blues”, a transient condition that affects about 80% of new mothers and that usually tend to resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. However, if the symptoms persist or worsen, it is possible that the mother develops postpartum depression, especially in the presence of risk factors such as lack of family support, previous psychological disorders or complication during labor and delivery. Screening tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale are widely used in clinical practice to prematurely identify postpartum depression, enabling a prompt diagnosis and the implement of preventive and therapeutic interventions. AIM: The study aims to analyze the results of the early screening for postpartum depression through the administration of the EPDS questionnaire. The purpose is to identify fragile and vulnerable women there are at risk of developing postpartum depression and to promote early intervention for prevention, treatment and support (follow-up). By means of data analysis, the will is to minimize the chronicity of the disturb by promoting a targeted and personalized care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study is based on data collected from high-risk EPDS questionnaires completed by new mothers during their hospital stay. Information was obtained from the CEDAPweb program between January 2023 and December 2023. RESULTS: The study results highlighted various demographic and obstetric information related to the new mothers. In 2023, out of 2,266 births, 2,230 questionnaires were administered. Of these, 84% of women were identified as high risk, 7.9% as medium risk, and 8.1% as low risk. The analyzed sample included women mainly from Italy (55%), followed by those from Eastern Europe (16%), Africa (16%), Asia (9%), and South America (3%). The average age of participants was 33.9 years, with the most represented age groups being 31-35 years (31.79%) and 36-40 years (31.21%). The parity distribution showed that 54% of women were multiparous, while 46% were nulliparous. Regarding term pregnancies, 82% of new mothers had a full-term pregnancy, while 18% delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. In terms of delivery type, 51.4% of mothers had a vaginal birth, while 48.6% had a cesarean delivery, divided into 10,7% with vacuum extraction and 89,3% with cesarean section. DISCUSSION: The study agrees with the literature in stating that the EPDS is the ideal screening method for the prevention of postpartum depression. The analysis of the collected data enabled the identification of common risk factors among high-risk women. The high percentage of overall difficult deliveries suggests the need for careful monitoring of mothers who experienced complications during childbirth. Although the results are somewhat inconsistent with the literature, systematic screening in the postpartum period enables the identification of women who do not fall within traditional risk factors. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes that postpartum depression is a disorder that can have repercussions for the woman, the couple, and the mother-child relationship. The detection of key risk factors enables a more personalized approach in identifying and managing the disorder. Despite the results not being entirely in agreement with the literature, screening helps to identify women who may have escaped detection of the problem. This confirms the importance of the screening with the EPDS as an integral part of postpartum care, with the aim of improving the psychological well-being of mothers and preventing long-term complications.
INTRODUZIONE: La depressione post partum (DPP) è un disturbo psicologico che può insorgere nelle prime settimane o mesi successivi alla nascita di un figlio, con possibili ripercussioni negativi sul benessere psicofisico materno e sullo sviluppo del legame madre-bambino. Tipico dei primi giorni dopo la nascita è il “baby blues”, un fenomeno transitorio che colpisce circa l’80% delle puerpere. Qualora i sintomi persistano o si aggravino, è necessario considerare la possibilità dello sviluppo della depressione post partum. Strumenti di screening come l’Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) sono ampiamente utilizzati nella pratica clinica per l’identificazione precoce della depressione post partum, permettendo una diagnosi tempestiva e l’implementazione di interventi preventivi e terapeutici. SCOPO: Lo studio condotto ha l’obiettivo di analizzare i risultati dello screening precoce per la depressione post partum mediante la somministrazione del questionario EPDS. La finalità è quella di identificare le donne in situazioni di fragilità e favorire una presa in carico precoce, con fini di prevenzione, trattamento e supporto (follow-up). Attraverso l’analisi dei dati, si intende minimizzare la cronicizzazione del disturbo, promuovendo una presa in carico mirata e personalizzata. MATERIALI E METODI: Il presente studio di tipo osservazionale retrospettivo si basa su una raccolta dati sui questionari EPDS risultati ad alto rischio, compilati dalle puerpere durante la degenza in ospedale. Le informazioni sono state reperite nel programma CEDAPweb, nel periodo che intercorre tra Gennaio 2023 e Dicembre 2023. RISULTATI: Nell’anno 2023 sono stati somministrati, a fronte di 2266 parti, 2230 questionari. Di essi l’84% delle donne è risultato a basso rischio, il 7,9% a medio e l’8,1% ad alto rischio. Il campione analizzato includeva donne provenienti principalmente dall'Italia (55%), seguite da quelle dell'Est Europa (16%), Africa (16%), Asia (9%) e Sud America (3%). L'età media delle partecipanti era di 33,9 anni, con la fascia di età più rappresentata tra 31-35 anni (31,79%) e 36-40 anni (31,21%). La distribuzione della parità ha mostrato che il 54% delle donne era pluripara, mentre il 46% era nullipara. Per quanto riguarda le gravidanze a termine, l’82% delle puerpere ha avuto una gravidanza a termine, mentre il 18% ha espletato il parto prima delle 37 settimane gestazionali. In termini di tipologia di parto, il 51,4% delle puerpere ha avuto un parto eutocico, mentre il 48,6% ha avuto un parto distocico, i quali si suddividono in 10,7% con ventosa ostetrica e 89,3% con taglio cesareo. DISCUSSIONE: Il presente studio concorda con la letteratura nell’affermare che l’EPDS risulta il metodo di screening ideale per la prevenzione della depressione post partum. L’analisi dei dati raccolti ha permesso di individuare i fattori di rischio comuni nelle donne risultate ad alto rischio. Ciò che emerge maggiormente è che l'alta percentuale di parti distocici complessivi suggerisce la necessità di un attento monitoraggio delle madri che hanno subito complicazioni durante il parto. Nonostante i risultati siano contrastanti con la letteratura, lo screening sistematico nel periodo post partum consente di identificare le donne non rientranti nei tradizionali fattori di rischio. CONCLUSIONI: La depressione post partum è un disturbo che può avere ripercussione nella donna, nella coppia e nella relazione mamma-bambino. La rilevazione dei principali fattori di rischio consente un approccio più personalizzato nell’identificazione e gestione del disturbo. Questo conferma l’importanza dello screening con EPDS come parte integrante della cura post partum.
Depressione post partum: l'importanza di uno screening precoce per l'individuazione delle donne a rischio. Analisi dei dati di uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo
PIVATO, ILARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Postpartum depression is a psychological disorder that can occur in the first weeks after birth or months after the birth of a child, with potential negative repercussions on maternal psychological and physical well-being and on the development of the mother-child bond. In the first days after birth mothers can experience “baby blues”, a transient condition that affects about 80% of new mothers and that usually tend to resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. However, if the symptoms persist or worsen, it is possible that the mother develops postpartum depression, especially in the presence of risk factors such as lack of family support, previous psychological disorders or complication during labor and delivery. Screening tools like the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale are widely used in clinical practice to prematurely identify postpartum depression, enabling a prompt diagnosis and the implement of preventive and therapeutic interventions. AIM: The study aims to analyze the results of the early screening for postpartum depression through the administration of the EPDS questionnaire. The purpose is to identify fragile and vulnerable women there are at risk of developing postpartum depression and to promote early intervention for prevention, treatment and support (follow-up). By means of data analysis, the will is to minimize the chronicity of the disturb by promoting a targeted and personalized care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective observational study is based on data collected from high-risk EPDS questionnaires completed by new mothers during their hospital stay. Information was obtained from the CEDAPweb program between January 2023 and December 2023. RESULTS: The study results highlighted various demographic and obstetric information related to the new mothers. In 2023, out of 2,266 births, 2,230 questionnaires were administered. Of these, 84% of women were identified as high risk, 7.9% as medium risk, and 8.1% as low risk. The analyzed sample included women mainly from Italy (55%), followed by those from Eastern Europe (16%), Africa (16%), Asia (9%), and South America (3%). The average age of participants was 33.9 years, with the most represented age groups being 31-35 years (31.79%) and 36-40 years (31.21%). The parity distribution showed that 54% of women were multiparous, while 46% were nulliparous. Regarding term pregnancies, 82% of new mothers had a full-term pregnancy, while 18% delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. In terms of delivery type, 51.4% of mothers had a vaginal birth, while 48.6% had a cesarean delivery, divided into 10,7% with vacuum extraction and 89,3% with cesarean section. DISCUSSION: The study agrees with the literature in stating that the EPDS is the ideal screening method for the prevention of postpartum depression. The analysis of the collected data enabled the identification of common risk factors among high-risk women. The high percentage of overall difficult deliveries suggests the need for careful monitoring of mothers who experienced complications during childbirth. Although the results are somewhat inconsistent with the literature, systematic screening in the postpartum period enables the identification of women who do not fall within traditional risk factors. CONCLUSION: The study emphasizes that postpartum depression is a disorder that can have repercussions for the woman, the couple, and the mother-child relationship. The detection of key risk factors enables a more personalized approach in identifying and managing the disorder. Despite the results not being entirely in agreement with the literature, screening helps to identify women who may have escaped detection of the problem. This confirms the importance of the screening with the EPDS as an integral part of postpartum care, with the aim of improving the psychological well-being of mothers and preventing long-term complications.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76377