Alzheimer's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease and represents the seventh cause of death in the world. Globally, there are over 55 million cases of dementia and it is estimated that, due to the progressive increase in the average age of the population, this number will grow, reaching 78 million by 2030. 60-80% of cases are represented by Alzheimer's disease. As the disease progresses, there is a deterioration in cognitive abilities and motor skills, resulting in difficulty maintaining adequate personal care and correct oral hygiene. It is therefore of fundamental importance to maintain the oral health of these patients, as a component of general health. The aim of this study is therefore to define the oral conditions of patients with Alzheimer's disease and evaluate the role of the dental hygienist in maintaining their oral health, even in the event of institutionalization. To answer this question, a search was carried out on Pubmed and Google Scholar, which involved the literature of the last ten years. The keywords used are “Oral health”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “Oral hygiene”, “Dementia”. The main characteristics found in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the proposals for improving oral hygiene were defined, also taking into consideration the training of family members and caregivers. Particular attention was given to the prevention aspect, to avoid emergency treatments and prevent hospitalizations. On this basis, the results of the study suggest that the use of dental hygienists in residential facilities for this type of patient, both in clinical practice and in the training of operators, could improve oral hygiene and the general health that can derive. Future programs may also include the implementation of mobile dentistry, multidisciplinary team collaboration, and individualized oral health programs.
La malattia di Alzheimer è una malattia neurodegenerativa cronica a decorso progressivo e rappresenta la settima causa di morte nel mondo. A livello globale, i casi di demenza sono oltre 55 milioni e si stima che, per via dell’aumento progressivo dell’età media della popolazione, questo numero sarà destinato a crescere, raggiungendo i 78 milioni entro il 2030. Il 60-80% dei casi è rappresentato dalla malattia di Alzheimer. Con il progredire della malattia, si ha un deterioramento delle capacità cognitive e delle abilità motorie, con conseguente difficoltà a mantenere un’adeguata cura personale e una corretta igiene orale. Risulta quindi di fondamentale importanza il mantenimento della salute orale di questi pazienti, come componente fondamentale della salute generale. Lo scopo di questo studio è quindi definire quali siano le condizioni orali dei pazienti con malattia di Alzheimer e valutare il ruolo dell’igienista dentale nel mantenimento della loro salute orale, anche in caso di istituzionalizzazione. Per rispondere a questo quesito è stata effettuata una ricerca su Pubmed e Google Scholar, che ha interessato la letteratura degli ultimi dieci anni. Le parole chiave utilizzate sono “Oral health”, “Alzheimer’s disease”, “Oral hygiene”, “Dementia”. Sono state definite le principali caratteristiche riscontrate nei pazienti con malattia di Alzheimer e le proposte per il miglioramento dell’igiene orale, prendendo in considerazione anche la formazione dei familiari e dei caregiver. È stata data particolare attenzione all’aspetto della prevenzione, per evitare di dover ricorrere a trattamenti di emergenza e prevenire ricoveri e ospedalizzazioni. Su questa base, i risultati dello studio suggeriscono che l’impiego dell’igienista dentale nelle strutture di residenza per questa tipologia di pazienti, sia nella pratica clinica che nella formazione degli operatori, potrebbe migliorare l’igiene orale e la salute generale che ne può derivare. I programmi futuri potrebbero inoltre prevedere un’implementazione dell’odontoiatria mobile, la collaborazione di team multidisciplinari e programmi individualizzati di igiene orale.
La gestione della salute orale nel paziente con malattia di Alzheimer: quali riflessi nella professione dell'igienista dentale?
BEGOLO, JESSICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease and represents the seventh cause of death in the world. Globally, there are over 55 million cases of dementia and it is estimated that, due to the progressive increase in the average age of the population, this number will grow, reaching 78 million by 2030. 60-80% of cases are represented by Alzheimer's disease. As the disease progresses, there is a deterioration in cognitive abilities and motor skills, resulting in difficulty maintaining adequate personal care and correct oral hygiene. It is therefore of fundamental importance to maintain the oral health of these patients, as a component of general health. The aim of this study is therefore to define the oral conditions of patients with Alzheimer's disease and evaluate the role of the dental hygienist in maintaining their oral health, even in the event of institutionalization. To answer this question, a search was carried out on Pubmed and Google Scholar, which involved the literature of the last ten years. The keywords used are “Oral health”, “Alzheimer's disease”, “Oral hygiene”, “Dementia”. The main characteristics found in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the proposals for improving oral hygiene were defined, also taking into consideration the training of family members and caregivers. Particular attention was given to the prevention aspect, to avoid emergency treatments and prevent hospitalizations. On this basis, the results of the study suggest that the use of dental hygienists in residential facilities for this type of patient, both in clinical practice and in the training of operators, could improve oral hygiene and the general health that can derive. Future programs may also include the implementation of mobile dentistry, multidisciplinary team collaboration, and individualized oral health programs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76412