Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a third of global deaths and, of these, 85% are caused by myocardial pathologies and dysfunctions. Therefore, it is essential to study methods of reconstruction and/or replacement of the heart muscle. In particular, tissue engineering allows the tissue to be reconstructed and its physiological, morphological and functional characteristics recreated, then it allows the tissue to be implanted in vivo, which leads to the restoration of the functionality of the damaged organ. Tissue engineering is a practice based on in vitro tissue culture through the proliferation of specific cells on an adequate scaffold, i.e. a structure that recreates the biological environment of the extracellular matrix, on which the tissue cells rest; the scoffold, in fact, must be chemically, morphologically and mechanically compatible to guarantee not only good cell proliferation, but also the survival of the complete tissue in vivo. The scaffold is therefore a fundamental structure in the biological tissue engineering process. This thesis will deal with the engineering of cardiac muscle tissue, focusing on the composition and mechanical characterization of the extracellular matrix and myocardium, finally looking at some types of bioreactors for the chosen scaffold.
Le malattie cardiovascolari sono responsabili di un terzo delle morti globali e tra queste ben l'85% sono causate da patologie e disfunzioni del miocardio. Per questo motivo è fondamentale studiare metodi di ricostruzione e/o rimpiazzo del muscolo cardiaco. In particolare, l'ingegneria tessutale permette di ricostruire il tessuto e ricrearne le caratteristiche fisiologiche, morfologiche e funzionali, permettendone poi l'impianto in vivo e consentendo il ripristino delle funzionalità dell'organo danneggiato. L'ingegneria tessutale è una pratica che si basa sulla coltura del tessuto in vitro attraverso la proliferazione di cellule specifiche su uno scaffold adeguato, ovvero una struttura che ricrei l'ambiente biologico della matrice extracellulare, sulla quale le cellule tessutali si poggiano; lo scoffold, infatti, deve essere compatibile chimicamente, morfologicamente e meccanicamente per garantire non solo la buona proliferazione delle cellule, ma anche la sopravvivenza del tessuto completo in vivo. Lo scaffold è pertanto una struttura fondamentale nel processo di ingegnerizzazione dei tessuti biologici. Questa tesi tratterà dell'ingegnerizzazione del tessuto muscolare cardiaco, soffermandosi sulla composizione e caratterizzazione meccanica della matrice extracellulare e del miocardio, porgendo, infine, lo sguardo su alcune tipologie di bioreattori per lo scaffold scelto.
Biocompatibilità chimica e meccanica di matrice extracellulare per l'ingegnerizzazione del miocardio
BALDAN, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for a third of global deaths and, of these, 85% are caused by myocardial pathologies and dysfunctions. Therefore, it is essential to study methods of reconstruction and/or replacement of the heart muscle. In particular, tissue engineering allows the tissue to be reconstructed and its physiological, morphological and functional characteristics recreated, then it allows the tissue to be implanted in vivo, which leads to the restoration of the functionality of the damaged organ. Tissue engineering is a practice based on in vitro tissue culture through the proliferation of specific cells on an adequate scaffold, i.e. a structure that recreates the biological environment of the extracellular matrix, on which the tissue cells rest; the scoffold, in fact, must be chemically, morphologically and mechanically compatible to guarantee not only good cell proliferation, but also the survival of the complete tissue in vivo. The scaffold is therefore a fundamental structure in the biological tissue engineering process. This thesis will deal with the engineering of cardiac muscle tissue, focusing on the composition and mechanical characterization of the extracellular matrix and myocardium, finally looking at some types of bioreactors for the chosen scaffold.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76463