Introduction: periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets. It is an infectious disorder, in which the gingival sulcus is colonized by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, while the prevalence of gram-positive aerobic bacteria decreases. Etiopathogenetically, periodontal disease is associated with significant inflammation, manifested by bleeding, plaque retention, loss of clinical attachment, and bone resorption. The inflammatory response is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, often exacerbated by the presence of risk factors. Aim of the study: the purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of different treatment techniques for periodontal pocket depth reduction, with a focus on the use of the diode laser as a treatment option. Articles in the literature will be reviewed to compare the pros and cons of traditional techniques and laser treatment. Materials and methods: the research was conducted in PUBMED databases during the period from January 2017 to February 2024, applying the search strings “Diode laser” and "Periodontitis" combined with the boolean operator “AND”, applying the filter “Humans” to include only studies performed on humans. The available literature was carefully reviewed to examine the possible benefits of laser therapy application interventions to improve periodontal disease values. Results: studies on the use of diode laser in the treatment of periodontal disease have produced variable results. Some studies show that the diode laser is effective in significantly reducing the depth of periodontal pockets and improving clinical parameters, such as reducing bleeding and inflammation. Patients treated with the diode laser often show faster healing and less postoperative pain than conventional treatments. However, other studies have not found significant differences between the use of the diode laser and conventional techniques, raising doubts about the further efficacy of the laser. Conclusions: the integration of the diode laser in the treatment of periodontal disease offers a promising therapeutic option. Although the results of several studies are sometimes controversial, the diode laser has been shown to improve some key clinical parameters, such as reduction of pocket depth and inflammation. However, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy over conventional techniques and to outline standardised protocols that can maximise the clinical benefits of the laser. In conclusion, the diode laser may be a valuable addition to the therapeutic landscape of periodontitis, but its large-scale adoption requires ongoing, evidence-based evaluation.
Introduzione: la malattia parodontale è una delle patologie più diffuse a livello mondiale, caratterizzata dalla formazione di tasche parodontali. Questo disturbo è di natura infettiva, dove il solco gengivale viene colonizzato da batteri anaerobi gram-negativi, mentre la prevalenza dei batteri aerobi gram-positivi diminuisce. Dal punto di vista eziopatogenico, la malattia parodontale è associata a una significativa infiammazione, che si manifesta con sanguinamento, ritenzione di placca, perdita di attacco clinico e riassorbimento osseo. La risposta infiammatoria è influenzata da fattori genetici e ambientali, spesso aggravata dalla presenza di fattori di rischio. Scopo dello studio: lo scopo di questo studio è analizzare l'efficacia delle diverse tecniche di trattamento per la riduzione della profondità delle tasche parodontali, con particolare attenzione all'uso del laser a diodi come opzione terapeutica. Verranno esaminati gli articoli presenti in letteratura per confrontare i pro e i contro delle tecniche tradizionali e del trattamento laser. Materiali e metodi: la ricerca è stata effettuata nelle banche dati PUBMED nel periodo compreso tra gennaio 2017 e febbraio 2024, sono state applicate le stringhe di ricerca “Diode laser” e “Periodontitis” combinate con l’operatore booleano “AND”, è stato applicato il filtro “Humans” per includere solo gli studi eseguiti su esseri umani. La letteratura disponibile è stata attentamente analizzata per esaminare i possibili benefici di interventi di applicazione della terapia laser per il miglioramento dei valori della malattia parodontale. Risultati: gli studi sull'uso del laser a diodi nel trattamento della malattia parodontale hanno prodotto risultati variabili. Alcuni studi dimostrano che il laser a diodi è efficace nel ridurre significativamente la profondità delle tasche parodontali, migliorando al contempo i parametri clinici come la riduzione del sanguinamento e dell'infiammazione. I pazienti trattati con il laser a diodi mostrano spesso una guarigione più rapida e meno dolore post-operatorio rispetto ai trattamenti tradizionali. Tuttavia, altri studi non hanno riscontrato differenze significative tra l'uso del laser a diodi e le tecniche convenzionali, sollevando dubbi sull'efficacia aggiuntiva del laser. Conclusioni: l'integrazione del laser a diodi nel trattamento della malattia parodontale offre una promettente opzione terapeutica. Sebbene i risultati dei diversi studi siano talvolta controversi, il laser a diodi ha dimostrato di poter migliorare alcuni parametri clinici chiave, come la riduzione della profondità delle tasche e dell'infiammazione. Tuttavia, ulteriori ricerche sono necessarie per confermare la sua efficacia rispetto alle tecniche convenzionali e per delineare protocolli standardizzati che possano massimizzare i benefici clinici del laser. In conclusione, il laser a diodi può rappresentare una valida aggiunta al panorama terapeutico della parodontite, ma la sua adozione su larga scala richiede una valutazione continua e basata sull'evidenza.
L’utilizzo del laser a diodi nel trattamento della malattia parodontale: revisione della letteratura.
FINOTTO, ANGELICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets. It is an infectious disorder, in which the gingival sulcus is colonized by gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, while the prevalence of gram-positive aerobic bacteria decreases. Etiopathogenetically, periodontal disease is associated with significant inflammation, manifested by bleeding, plaque retention, loss of clinical attachment, and bone resorption. The inflammatory response is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, often exacerbated by the presence of risk factors. Aim of the study: the purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of different treatment techniques for periodontal pocket depth reduction, with a focus on the use of the diode laser as a treatment option. Articles in the literature will be reviewed to compare the pros and cons of traditional techniques and laser treatment. Materials and methods: the research was conducted in PUBMED databases during the period from January 2017 to February 2024, applying the search strings “Diode laser” and "Periodontitis" combined with the boolean operator “AND”, applying the filter “Humans” to include only studies performed on humans. The available literature was carefully reviewed to examine the possible benefits of laser therapy application interventions to improve periodontal disease values. Results: studies on the use of diode laser in the treatment of periodontal disease have produced variable results. Some studies show that the diode laser is effective in significantly reducing the depth of periodontal pockets and improving clinical parameters, such as reducing bleeding and inflammation. Patients treated with the diode laser often show faster healing and less postoperative pain than conventional treatments. However, other studies have not found significant differences between the use of the diode laser and conventional techniques, raising doubts about the further efficacy of the laser. Conclusions: the integration of the diode laser in the treatment of periodontal disease offers a promising therapeutic option. Although the results of several studies are sometimes controversial, the diode laser has been shown to improve some key clinical parameters, such as reduction of pocket depth and inflammation. However, further research is needed to confirm its efficacy over conventional techniques and to outline standardised protocols that can maximise the clinical benefits of the laser. In conclusion, the diode laser may be a valuable addition to the therapeutic landscape of periodontitis, but its large-scale adoption requires ongoing, evidence-based evaluation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76597