‘Le célèbre Leibniz érigea un système intellectuel du monde, ou plutôt il crut connaître la constitution interne des choses, en comparant tous les objets simplement avec l'entendement et les concepts formels abstraits de sa pensée’ (KrV, A 270, B 326) : This is the famous Kantian thesis through which the German philosopher encloses and crystallises the proprium of the Leibnizian system, in a formula destined to have discreet fortune in subsequent philosophy and the history of philosophy. The success of such an interpretation is not surprising. On the one hand, in fact, it is attributable to Kant's influence and authority; on the other, it is attributable to the fact that it offers a key to penetrating a particularly articulated and composite system. It is also for these reasons that Kantian theses regarding Leibnizian thought have made the rounds, starting from the philosophy contemporary to Kant, to the point of constructing a stylised and manualistic image of Leibniz that is hard to eradicate. A significant example of this phenomenon, caught in its early stages, can be traced in the works of Solomon Maiomon. The way in which the latter refers to Leibniz's theses, especially those of a gnoseological nature, makes it clear how the understanding of the texts and the comparison with the latter's system have been considerably haunted by the Kantian ‘ghost’. The path that we intend to take is to move away from the ‘caricatured’ image reduced to a small number of theses and principles to which Leibniz has also been destined by Kant's interpretation (Garber 2008, p. 67), in order to offer elements that allow the complexity of his system to be restored, in this case in particular with respect to the gnoseological sphere. In order to do so, a double movement will be made, from Kant to Maimon, and then back to Leibniz. Firstly, in fact, it is deemed necessary to carry out an analysis of Kant's critique of Leibniz, not only with reference to the classical place in which it is contained, the Amphibolia, but also from the Dissertatio of 1770 and the Transcendental Aesthetics. Focusing on the Kantian interpretation, it will be possible to take a step forward towards Maimon and his Versuch, probably the first philosophical text to collect and transmit the image of Leibniz forged by Kantian criticism. Secondly, having highlighted the coordinates of this image, it will be possible to turn to the Leibnizian texts, both to identify the reasons immanent to the system that endorsed the Kantian reading, but above all to trace in the system itself a way out of the latter. While being aware of the complexity of Leibniz's reflection, at times even self-contradictory, an attempt will be made to trace a coherent line of thought that allows us to shed light on the latter's gnoseological theory.
“Le célèbre Leibniz érigea un système intellectuel du monde, ou plutôt il crut connaître la constitution interne des choses, en comparant tous les objets simplement avec l'entendement et les concepts formels abstraits de sa pensée » (KrV, A 270, B 326) : è questa la celebre tesi kantiana attraverso cui il filosofo tedesco racchiude e cristallizza il proprium del sistema leibniziano, in una formula destinata ad avere discreta fortuna nella filosofia e nella storia della filosofia successive. Il successo di una simile interpretazione non sorprende. Da un lato, infatti, è ascrivibile all’influenza e all’autorevolezza kantiana; dall’altro, è riconducibile al fatto che essa offre una chiave di lettura per penetrare all’interno di un sistema particolarmente articolato e composito. Anche per queste ragioni, le tesi kantiane relative al pensiero leibniziano hanno fatto scuola, a partire dalla filosofia contemporanea a Kant, fino ad arrivare a costruire un’immagine di Leibniz stilizzata e manualistica dura da estirpare. Un esempio significativo di questo fenomeno, colto nelle sue fasi iniziali, può essere rintracciato nelle opere di Salomon Maiomon. Il modo in cui quest’ultimo fa riferimento alle tesi di Leibniz, in particolar modo quelle a carattere gnoseologico, mette bene in evidenza come la comprensione dei testi e il confronto con il sistema di quest’ultimo siano stati notevolemte infestati dal “fantasma” kantiano. Il percorso che si intende compiere prevede il sottrarsi all’immagine “caricaturale” e ridotta a un numero esiguo di tesi e principi a cui Leibniz è stato destinato anche dall’interpretazione kantiana (Garber 2008, p. 67), per offrire degli elementi che permettano di restituire la complessità del suo sistema, in questo caso in particular modo rispetto all’ambito gnoseologico. Per fare ciò, si compirà un doppio movimento, da Kant a Maimon, per poi tornare a Leibniz. In primo luogo, infatti, si ritiene necessario portare avanti un’analisi della critica kantiana a Leibniz, non solo in riferimento al luogo classico in cui essa è racchiusa, l’Anfibolia, ma anche a partire dalla Dissertatio del 1770 e dall’Estetica trascendentale. Focalizzata l’interpretazione kantiana, sarà possibile fare un passo avanti verso Maimon e il suo Versuch, probabilmente il primo testo filosofico a raccogliere e trasmettere l’immagine di Leibniz forgiata dal criticismo kantiano. In secondo luogo, messe in evidenza le coordinate di questa imagine, sarà possibile rivolgersi ai testi leibniziani, sia per individuare le ragioni immanenti al sistema che hanno avallato la lettura kantiana, ma soprattutto per rintracciare nel sistema stesso una via d’uscita rispetto a quest’ultima. Pur consapevoli della complessità della riflessione di Leibniz, a volte persino autocontraddittoria, si cercherà di rintracciare un linea di pensiero coerente che permetta di fare luce sulla teoria gnoseologica di quest’ultimo.
La théorie de la connaissance de Leibniz et le « fantôme “ kantien : éléments pour dépasser un « méprise ».
TAGLIENTE, MARTINA
2022/2023
Abstract
‘Le célèbre Leibniz érigea un système intellectuel du monde, ou plutôt il crut connaître la constitution interne des choses, en comparant tous les objets simplement avec l'entendement et les concepts formels abstraits de sa pensée’ (KrV, A 270, B 326) : This is the famous Kantian thesis through which the German philosopher encloses and crystallises the proprium of the Leibnizian system, in a formula destined to have discreet fortune in subsequent philosophy and the history of philosophy. The success of such an interpretation is not surprising. On the one hand, in fact, it is attributable to Kant's influence and authority; on the other, it is attributable to the fact that it offers a key to penetrating a particularly articulated and composite system. It is also for these reasons that Kantian theses regarding Leibnizian thought have made the rounds, starting from the philosophy contemporary to Kant, to the point of constructing a stylised and manualistic image of Leibniz that is hard to eradicate. A significant example of this phenomenon, caught in its early stages, can be traced in the works of Solomon Maiomon. The way in which the latter refers to Leibniz's theses, especially those of a gnoseological nature, makes it clear how the understanding of the texts and the comparison with the latter's system have been considerably haunted by the Kantian ‘ghost’. The path that we intend to take is to move away from the ‘caricatured’ image reduced to a small number of theses and principles to which Leibniz has also been destined by Kant's interpretation (Garber 2008, p. 67), in order to offer elements that allow the complexity of his system to be restored, in this case in particular with respect to the gnoseological sphere. In order to do so, a double movement will be made, from Kant to Maimon, and then back to Leibniz. Firstly, in fact, it is deemed necessary to carry out an analysis of Kant's critique of Leibniz, not only with reference to the classical place in which it is contained, the Amphibolia, but also from the Dissertatio of 1770 and the Transcendental Aesthetics. Focusing on the Kantian interpretation, it will be possible to take a step forward towards Maimon and his Versuch, probably the first philosophical text to collect and transmit the image of Leibniz forged by Kantian criticism. Secondly, having highlighted the coordinates of this image, it will be possible to turn to the Leibnizian texts, both to identify the reasons immanent to the system that endorsed the Kantian reading, but above all to trace in the system itself a way out of the latter. While being aware of the complexity of Leibniz's reflection, at times even self-contradictory, an attempt will be made to trace a coherent line of thought that allows us to shed light on the latter's gnoseological theory.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76693