The New Space Race requires, among different necessities, even more efficient and advanced space propulsion techniques. The interplanetary development, at which our humanity aspires, requires a significant reduction of the transfer periods and an increase of the payload capability to be realized. It is no coincidence that the main space agencies and industries have resumed, for some years now, intensive research and development of technology related to nuclear thermal propulsion. The aim of this thesis is to present an overview of the fundamentals of rocket engine theory, the possible performance levels provided by nuclear thermal propulsion, and the thermodynamic cycles that can be implemented in it; this is followed by an in-depth study of nuclear processes and, in particular, of the different types of nuclear thermal reactors that can be used. This thesis highlights, as its main conclusion, the primary importance of increasing the propellant temperature to achieve the maximum possible specific impulse. To do this, it is clear that current technology must be replaced by the use of liquid-core or, even better, gas-core reactors.
La nuova corsa allo spazio richiede, fra le diverse necessità, tecniche di propulsione spaziale sempre più efficienti ed avanzate. Lo sviluppo interplanetario, a cui ambisce la nostra umanità, necessita, per essere realizzato, di una netta riduzione dei periodi di trasferimento e di un incremento dei carichi trasportabili. Non a caso, le principali agenzie ed industrie del settore aerospaziale hanno ripreso, da alcuni anni, un intenso studio e sviluppo della tecnologia legata alla propulsione spaziale termonucleare. L’obiettivo della tesi è quello di presentare una panoramica sui fondamenti della teoria dei motori a razzo, sui possibili livelli prestazionali forniti dalla propulsione termonucleare e sui cicli termodinamici in essa implementabili; ne segue poi un approfondimento dei processi nucleari e, in modo particolare, delle diverse tipologie di reattori termonucleari utilizzabili. Il seguente elaborato evidenzia, come principale conclusione, la primaria importanza connessa all’incremento della temperatura del propellente, per lo sviluppo del massimo, possibile, impulso specifico. Per far ciò è chiaro come l’attuale tecnologia debba essere sostituita dall’utilizzo di reattori a nucleo liquido o, ancor meglio, gassoso.
Reattori termonucleari per motori a razzo
FABBIAN, FRANCESCO
2023/2024
Abstract
The New Space Race requires, among different necessities, even more efficient and advanced space propulsion techniques. The interplanetary development, at which our humanity aspires, requires a significant reduction of the transfer periods and an increase of the payload capability to be realized. It is no coincidence that the main space agencies and industries have resumed, for some years now, intensive research and development of technology related to nuclear thermal propulsion. The aim of this thesis is to present an overview of the fundamentals of rocket engine theory, the possible performance levels provided by nuclear thermal propulsion, and the thermodynamic cycles that can be implemented in it; this is followed by an in-depth study of nuclear processes and, in particular, of the different types of nuclear thermal reactors that can be used. This thesis highlights, as its main conclusion, the primary importance of increasing the propellant temperature to achieve the maximum possible specific impulse. To do this, it is clear that current technology must be replaced by the use of liquid-core or, even better, gas-core reactors.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76723