Currently, industries generate a large amount of waste, which, due to its polluting or hazardous characteristics, is often only suitable for landfill disposal. This report aims to develop effective strategies for recycling and sustainable waste management, in order to mitigate the risks associated with their abandonment in the environment. Portland cement production worldwide is responsible for approximately 8% of global CO2 emissions. A possible alternative is represented by alkali activated materials (AAMs) and geopolymers (GPs). Their production involves low energy consumption and contributes to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional Portland cement. Alkaline activation is a generic term that applies to those chemical reactions between an aluminosilicate solid, called precursor, and an alkaline solution, which produce a hardened binder. In the wide variety of aluminosilicate precursors, this report evaluates soda-lime glass and lithium slag from the fusion of lithium batteries as starting materials. In order to support sustainability, the research is based solely on totally waste materials. Alkaline solutions of KOH, NaOH or mixed solutions have a molarity that never exceeds 3 mol/L both for environmental reasons and to limit risks for workers, since concentrated solutions are extremely corrosive. Furthermore, the consolidation of the mixture occurs after being kept in an oven for 72 hours at 70°C. To evaluate the stability of the samples obtained, they are subjected to boiling test, i.e. immersion in boiling water for 1 hour. The characterization of the materials includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to evaluate the evolution of the phases that develop following the alkaline reaction, mechanical tests to evaluate the compressive strength, pycnometric analysis to evaluate the porosity (and relative distribution in open and closed porosity) of the samples. The obtained samples are then compared with currently existing materials using the Cambridge Material Selector (CES) software.
Attualmente, le industrie generano una elevata quantità di rifiuti, i quali, a causa delle loro caratteristiche inquinanti o pericolose, spesso risultano idonei esclusivamente allo smaltimento in discarica. Questa relazione vede come obiettivo lo sviluppo di strategie efficaci per il riciclo e la gestione sostenibile del rifiuto, al fine di mitigare i rischi associati al loro abbandono nell’ambiente. La produzione del cemento Portland a livello mondiale è responsabile di circa l’8% delle emissioni globali di CO2. Una possibile alternativa è rappresentata dai materiali ad attivazione alcalina (alkali activated materials, AAMs) e dai geopolimeri (GP). La loro produzione implica un basso consumo energetico e contribuisce a una significativa riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra rispetto al cemento Portland convenzionale. Attivazione alcalina è un termine generico che si applica a quelle reazioni chimiche tra un solido allumino-silicatico, detto precursore, e una soluzione alcalina, che producono un legante indurito. Nell’ampia varietà di precursori allumino-silicatici, in questa relazione si valutano come materiali di partenza vetro soda-lime e scorie di litio derivanti dalla fusione di batterie al litio. Al fine di supportare la sostenibilità, la ricerca si basa unicamente su materiali totalmente di scarto. Le soluzioni alcaline di KOH, NaOH o soluzioni miste, hanno molarità che non eccede mai 3 mol/L sia per motivi ambientali, che per limitare i rischi per i lavoratori, dal momento che soluzioni concentrate sono estremamente corrosive. Inoltre, il consolidamento della miscela si verifica in seguito a mantenimento in stufa per 72 ore a 70°C. Per valutare la stabilità dei campioni ottenuti, questi sono sottoposti a boiling test, ovvero immersione in acqua bollente per 1 ora. La caratterizzazione dei materiali prevede analisi di diffrazione a raggi X (XRD) per valutare l’evoluzione delle fasi che si sviluppano in seguito a reazione alcalina, prove meccaniche per valutare la resistenza a compressione, analisi picnometriche per valutare la porosità (e relativa distribuzione in porosità aperta e chiusa) dei campioni. I campioni ottenuti sono poi confrontati con materiali attualmente esistenti mediante l’utilizzo del software Cambridge Material Selector (CES).
Riciclo di scorie al litio e vetro sodalime in materiali ceramici ecosostenibili
SARZI, MICHELE
2023/2024
Abstract
Currently, industries generate a large amount of waste, which, due to its polluting or hazardous characteristics, is often only suitable for landfill disposal. This report aims to develop effective strategies for recycling and sustainable waste management, in order to mitigate the risks associated with their abandonment in the environment. Portland cement production worldwide is responsible for approximately 8% of global CO2 emissions. A possible alternative is represented by alkali activated materials (AAMs) and geopolymers (GPs). Their production involves low energy consumption and contributes to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional Portland cement. Alkaline activation is a generic term that applies to those chemical reactions between an aluminosilicate solid, called precursor, and an alkaline solution, which produce a hardened binder. In the wide variety of aluminosilicate precursors, this report evaluates soda-lime glass and lithium slag from the fusion of lithium batteries as starting materials. In order to support sustainability, the research is based solely on totally waste materials. Alkaline solutions of KOH, NaOH or mixed solutions have a molarity that never exceeds 3 mol/L both for environmental reasons and to limit risks for workers, since concentrated solutions are extremely corrosive. Furthermore, the consolidation of the mixture occurs after being kept in an oven for 72 hours at 70°C. To evaluate the stability of the samples obtained, they are subjected to boiling test, i.e. immersion in boiling water for 1 hour. The characterization of the materials includes X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to evaluate the evolution of the phases that develop following the alkaline reaction, mechanical tests to evaluate the compressive strength, pycnometric analysis to evaluate the porosity (and relative distribution in open and closed porosity) of the samples. The obtained samples are then compared with currently existing materials using the Cambridge Material Selector (CES) software.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76796