Phosphorus is a fundamental element for life, it is essential for natural ecosystems and agricultural production. However, the importance of this element for agriculture and industry has led to an intensification of the extraction and use of this resource, profoundly changing its cycle. This has caused several environmental problems such as eutrophication, characterized by an algal proliferation that depletes the water of oxygen, causing the death of numerous aquatic species and the loss of biodiversity. In addition, phosphate reserves are limited and non-renewable, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of agriculture and food production, in fact on a global scale, estimates of future consumption predict that phosphate stores will be depleted within one to two centuries. The release of phosphorus into the environment is no longer sustainable, as can be observed in the planetary boundaries (article published by Stockholm University by Richardson et al. 2023 and Steffen et al. 2015). The latter are limits set to the exploitation of the planet’s resources, so that the earth can regenerate itself in a sustainable way. Several studies have stated that the limit, with reference to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus, has been exceeded. The quantification of the environmental impacts deriving from the cycle in therefore of primary importance; in particular, this work deals with assessing and quantifying the environmental impacts attributable to the phosphorus cycle of 4 products in the food sector through an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) approach. The latter methodology analyzes the entire life cycle of a product, from the obtaining of raw materials to the production, distribution, use and disposal of the product, allowing to quantify the environmental impacts associated with each individual phase and is used in this work as a basic tool for the quantification of impacts related to the phosphorus cycle. The method used, specifically, is similar to what is proposed for the calculation of Nitrogen Footprint by Zuliani et al. (2023); it takes into account all emissions of phosphorus-containing substances to calculate the Phosphorus Indicator (PF) which corresponds precisely to the Phosphorus Footprint (PF) intended as a metric that indicates the total releases oh phosphorus into environment attributed to a particular product.
Il fosforo è un elemento fondamentale per la vita, è essenziale per gli ecosistemi naturali e la produzione agricola. Tuttavia, l’importanza di questo elemento per l’agricoltura e l’industria ha portato a un’intensificazione dell’estrazione e dell’utilizzo di questa risorsa, cambiandone profondamente il ciclo. Questo ha causato diverse problematiche ambientali come l’eutrofizzazione, caratterizzata da una proliferazione algale che impoverisce le acque di ossigeno, causando la morte di numerose specie acquatiche e la perdita di biodiversità. Inoltre, le riserve di fosfato sono limitate e non rinnovabili, sollevando preoccupazioni sulla sostenibilità a lungo termine dell’agricoltura e della produzione alimentare, infatti su scala globale, le stime del consumo futuro prevedono che i depositi di fosfato saranno esauriti entro uno o due secoli. Il rilascio di fosforo nell’ambiente non è più sostenibile, come si può osservare nei planetary boundaries (articolo pubblicato dall’università di Stoccolma da Richardson et al. 2023 e Steffen et al. 2015). Questi ultimi sono dei limiti fissati per limitare lo sfruttamento delle risorse del pianeta, in modo che la terra riesca a rigenerarsi in modo sostenibile. Diversi studi hanno affermato che il limite, con riferimento ai cicli biogeochimici di azoto e fosforo, è stato superato. La quantificazione degli impatti ambientali derivanti dal ciclo risulta pertanto di importanza primaria; in particolare il presente lavoro si occupa di valutare e quantificare gli impatti ambientali riconducibili al ciclo del fosforo di 4 prodotti del settore alimentare attraverso un approccio LCA (Life Cycle Assessment). Quest’ultima metodologia analizza l’intero ciclo di vita di un prodotto, dall’ottenimento delle materie prime alla produzione, distribuzione, utilizzo e smaltimento del prodotto, permettendo di quantificare gli impatti ambientali associati ad ogni singola fase e viene utilizzata in questo lavoro come strumento base per la quantificazione degli impatti legati al ciclo del fosforo. Il metodo utilizzato, nello specifico, è analogo a quanto proposto per il calcolo di Nitrogen Footprint da parte di Zuliani et al. (2023); esso tiene conto di tutte le emissioni di sostanze contenenti fosforo per calcolare l’indicatore di fosforo PI (Phosphorus Indicator) che corrisponde proprio al Phosphorus Footoprint (PF) inteso come metrica che indica i rilasci totali di Fosforo in ambiente attribuiti ad un particolare prodotto.
Calcolo di Phosphorus Footprint con approccio LCA: un applicazione nel settore alimentare
URBAN, MARTINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Phosphorus is a fundamental element for life, it is essential for natural ecosystems and agricultural production. However, the importance of this element for agriculture and industry has led to an intensification of the extraction and use of this resource, profoundly changing its cycle. This has caused several environmental problems such as eutrophication, characterized by an algal proliferation that depletes the water of oxygen, causing the death of numerous aquatic species and the loss of biodiversity. In addition, phosphate reserves are limited and non-renewable, raising concerns about the long-term sustainability of agriculture and food production, in fact on a global scale, estimates of future consumption predict that phosphate stores will be depleted within one to two centuries. The release of phosphorus into the environment is no longer sustainable, as can be observed in the planetary boundaries (article published by Stockholm University by Richardson et al. 2023 and Steffen et al. 2015). The latter are limits set to the exploitation of the planet’s resources, so that the earth can regenerate itself in a sustainable way. Several studies have stated that the limit, with reference to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus, has been exceeded. The quantification of the environmental impacts deriving from the cycle in therefore of primary importance; in particular, this work deals with assessing and quantifying the environmental impacts attributable to the phosphorus cycle of 4 products in the food sector through an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) approach. The latter methodology analyzes the entire life cycle of a product, from the obtaining of raw materials to the production, distribution, use and disposal of the product, allowing to quantify the environmental impacts associated with each individual phase and is used in this work as a basic tool for the quantification of impacts related to the phosphorus cycle. The method used, specifically, is similar to what is proposed for the calculation of Nitrogen Footprint by Zuliani et al. (2023); it takes into account all emissions of phosphorus-containing substances to calculate the Phosphorus Indicator (PF) which corresponds precisely to the Phosphorus Footprint (PF) intended as a metric that indicates the total releases oh phosphorus into environment attributed to a particular product.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76816