Background: Running-related injuries (including plantar fasciitis, medial tibial stress syndrome, and stress fractures) are very common among athletes who use running in their sport, including middle-distance runners, so much research is being invested in their prevention. Objectives: This thesis aims to verify whether a foot and ankle exercise protocol, aimed at increasing the strength of the muscles, can produce a change in the distribution of plantar pressures that have been shown to be related to the risk of injuries. In addition to their analysis, a markerless kinematic analysis was performed to estimate joint angles during the task. Materials and methods: Six middle-distance runners performed two maximal 400m tests, one before and one after a foot and ankle exercise protocol. FGP insoles were used to measure plantar pressure data. GoPro cameras were used to record videos for the kinematic analysis. For the kinetic analysis, the following softwares were used: Motux, PyCharm and Matlab. For the kinematic analysis, TrackOnField (BBSof S.r.l.) and PyCharm were used. The data were then graphed in Excel and the statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Singed Rank test. Results: The data showed significant differences between the two feet at the start, both in terms of plantar pressures and forces recorded. The significant differences observed are due to the fact that the start was on a curve; the asymmetry of the push-offs is, in fact, necessary for the athletes to stay in the lane. The comparisons in the finish, which was run on a straight stretch without the confounding variable of running on a curve, did not produce statistically significant results. This could indicate that the exercise protocol did not produce effects on the distribution of total plantar pressures and forces. Conclusions: The present study did not find clear evidence regarding the effectiveness of the exercise protocol on reducing the risk of injuries. It would be useful to increase the study sample and lengthen the duration of the training protocol to confirm or improve the current results.
Background: Gli infortuni legati alla corsa, tra cui la fascite plantare, la sindrome da stress tibiale mediale e le fratture da stress) sono molto comuni tra gli atleti che usano la corsa nel loro sport, tra questi gli atleti di mezzofondo, quindi si sta investendo molta ricerca nella loro prevenzione. Obbiettivi: Questa tesi ha lo scopo di verificare se un protocollo di esercizio per piede e caviglia, volto ad aumentarne la forza della muscolatura, possa produrre una modifica nella distribuzione delle pressioni plantari che è stato dimostrato siano correlate al rischio di infortuni. Oltre alla loro analisi è stata eseguita un’analisi cinematica markerless per stimare gli angoli articolari durante il gesto. Materiali e metodi: Sei atleti di mezzofondo hanno eseguito due prove massimali sui 400m, una prima e una dopo un protocollo di esercizio per i muscoli di piede e caviglia. Per le misurazioni dei dati di pressione plantare sono state utilizzate delle solette FGP. Per registrare i video per l’analisi cinematica sono state utilizzate delle telecamere GoPro. Per l’analisi cinetica ci si è avvalsi dei seguenti software: Motux, PyCharm e Matlab. Per l’analisi cinematica di TrackOnField (BBSof S.r.l.) e PyCharm. I dati sono stati successivamente graficati in Excel e l’analisi statistica è stata effettuata usando il test non parametrico Wilcoxon Singed Rank. Risultati: I dati hanno mostrato delle differenze significative tra i due piedi alla partenza, sia tra le pressioni plantari, sia tra le forze registrate. Le differenze significative osservate sono dovute al fatto che la partenza si è svolta in curva; l’asimmetria delle spinte è, infatti, necessaria perché gli atleti si mantengano in corsia. I confronti nell’arrivo, che è stato corso su un tratto in rettilineo senza la variabile confondente della corsa in curva, non hanno prodotto risultati statisticamente significativi. Questo potrebbe indicare che il protocollo di esercizio non ha prodotto degli effetti a livello della distribuzione delle pressioni e forze plantari totali. Conclusioni: Il presente studio non ha trovato evidenze nette riguardo all’efficacia del protocollo di esercizio sulla riduzione del rischio di infortuni. Sarebbe utile aumentare il campione di studio e allungare la durata del protocollo di allenamento per confermare o migliorare i risultati attuali.
Analisi biomeccanica di una corsa massimale sui 400m su pista prima e dopo un protocollo di esercizio per piede e gamba di 9 settimane.
MAGGIONI, GABRIELE SCINTILL
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Running-related injuries (including plantar fasciitis, medial tibial stress syndrome, and stress fractures) are very common among athletes who use running in their sport, including middle-distance runners, so much research is being invested in their prevention. Objectives: This thesis aims to verify whether a foot and ankle exercise protocol, aimed at increasing the strength of the muscles, can produce a change in the distribution of plantar pressures that have been shown to be related to the risk of injuries. In addition to their analysis, a markerless kinematic analysis was performed to estimate joint angles during the task. Materials and methods: Six middle-distance runners performed two maximal 400m tests, one before and one after a foot and ankle exercise protocol. FGP insoles were used to measure plantar pressure data. GoPro cameras were used to record videos for the kinematic analysis. For the kinetic analysis, the following softwares were used: Motux, PyCharm and Matlab. For the kinematic analysis, TrackOnField (BBSof S.r.l.) and PyCharm were used. The data were then graphed in Excel and the statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Singed Rank test. Results: The data showed significant differences between the two feet at the start, both in terms of plantar pressures and forces recorded. The significant differences observed are due to the fact that the start was on a curve; the asymmetry of the push-offs is, in fact, necessary for the athletes to stay in the lane. The comparisons in the finish, which was run on a straight stretch without the confounding variable of running on a curve, did not produce statistically significant results. This could indicate that the exercise protocol did not produce effects on the distribution of total plantar pressures and forces. Conclusions: The present study did not find clear evidence regarding the effectiveness of the exercise protocol on reducing the risk of injuries. It would be useful to increase the study sample and lengthen the duration of the training protocol to confirm or improve the current results.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76874