What happens when the right to housing and an adequate standard of living is not respected during armed conflicts? Some scholars speak of “domicide”, a neologism that indicated, according to Enciclopedia Treccani, “the deliberate and systematic destruction of civilian houses, buildings and infrastructure in an inhabited settlement, city or circumscribed area”; essentially, the deliberate killing of civilian dwellings, deriving the term from the Latin domus (house) and caedere (to kill, to destroy). the protection of civilians and their homes is, moreover, provided for in Article 8(b)(ii) of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, which, in defining war crimes detected in hostilities between States, establishes as such “deliberately directing attacks against civilian property, that is, property that is not military targets”; and in the subsequent point (v) “attacking or bombing, by whatever means, towns, villages, dwellings or building that are not defended and that do not constitute military targets”. The point of this thesis is to highlight what the destruction of one’s place of living, displacement and the loss of all reference points entail for a human being, with the understanding that the impact will be markedly greater on those categories of individuals that are most vulnerable within the civilian population. It is also intended to investigate the international instruments to be employed not only to protect the housing rights but also to ensure justice for the victims of violations of these rights, believing that rather than on the repression of such crimes, efforts should focus on preventive measures. Indeed, domicide should, according to the United Nations, be recognised as an crime against humanity. According to Balakrishnan, the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to housing, the premeditated destruction of homes represents a “significant gap” that needs to be filled.
Cosa succede quando il diritto alla casa e ad uno standard di vita adeguato non viene rispettato in caso di conflitto armato? Alcuni studiosi parlano di “domicidio”, neologismo che indica, secondo l’Enciclopedia Treccani, “La distruzione deliberata e sistematica di case, palazzi e infrastrutture civili in un insediamento abitato, in una città o in una zona circoscritta”; in sostanza, l’uccisione deliberata di abitazioni civili, derivando il termine dal latino domus (casa) e caedere (uccidere, distruggere). La protezione dei civili e delle loro case è, peraltro, prevista dall’articolo 8, b), ii) dello Statuto della Corte Penale Internazionale, che, nel definire i crimini di guerra rilevati nelle ostilità tra Stati, stabilisce come tale il “dirigere deliberatamente attacchi contro beni civili, cioè beni che non siano obiettivi militari”; e al successivo punto v) “attaccare o bombardare, con qualsiasi mezzo, città, villaggi, abitazioni o costruzioni che non siano difesi e che non costituiscano obiettivi militari”. Obiettivo di questa tesi è evidenziare che cosa comportano per un essere umano la distruzione del luogo in cui si vive, lo sfollamento e la perdita di tutti i punti di riferimento, con la consapevolezza che l’impatto sarà nettamente maggiore su quelle categorie d’individui più vulnerabili all’interno della popolazione civile. Si vuole inoltre indagare gli strumenti internazionali da impiegare non solo per proteggere i cosiddetti housing rights ma anche per assicurare giustizia alle vittime di violazioni di tali diritti, ritenendo che più che sulla repressione di tali crimini, gli sforzi si debbano concentrare sulle misure di prevenzione, in quanto responsabilità sia degli Stati sia degli stakeholder, dei membri della società civile e della comunità internazionale. Il domicidio dovrebbe infatti, secondo le Nazioni Unite, essere riconosciuto come un crimine contro l’umanità. Secondo Balakrishnan, relatore speciale dell’ONU per il diritto alla casa, la distruzione premeditata delle abitazioni rappresenta una “lacuna rilevante” che va colmata.
Il "domicidio" come violazione dei diritti umani e crimine contro l'umanità
BORTOLOTTI, VITTORIA
2023/2024
Abstract
What happens when the right to housing and an adequate standard of living is not respected during armed conflicts? Some scholars speak of “domicide”, a neologism that indicated, according to Enciclopedia Treccani, “the deliberate and systematic destruction of civilian houses, buildings and infrastructure in an inhabited settlement, city or circumscribed area”; essentially, the deliberate killing of civilian dwellings, deriving the term from the Latin domus (house) and caedere (to kill, to destroy). the protection of civilians and their homes is, moreover, provided for in Article 8(b)(ii) of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, which, in defining war crimes detected in hostilities between States, establishes as such “deliberately directing attacks against civilian property, that is, property that is not military targets”; and in the subsequent point (v) “attacking or bombing, by whatever means, towns, villages, dwellings or building that are not defended and that do not constitute military targets”. The point of this thesis is to highlight what the destruction of one’s place of living, displacement and the loss of all reference points entail for a human being, with the understanding that the impact will be markedly greater on those categories of individuals that are most vulnerable within the civilian population. It is also intended to investigate the international instruments to be employed not only to protect the housing rights but also to ensure justice for the victims of violations of these rights, believing that rather than on the repression of such crimes, efforts should focus on preventive measures. Indeed, domicide should, according to the United Nations, be recognised as an crime against humanity. According to Balakrishnan, the UN Special Rapporteur on the right to housing, the premeditated destruction of homes represents a “significant gap” that needs to be filled.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Vittoria_Bortolotti.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
4.76 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.76 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76937