This thesis aims to analyze the trial of Adolf Eichmann through two diametrically opposed perspectives. The first is offered by Hannah Arendt in her book “Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil”, in which she describes Eichmann as a dull bureaucrat, devoted to carrying out orders from above in a passive and irresponsible manner. From this, she develops the theory of the “banality of evil”. The second perspective is presented by Bettina Stangneth in her book “Eichmann Before Jerusalem: The Unexamined Life of a Mass Murderer”. Stangneth offers a vision that is entirely different and more complex than Arendt’s. Despite not having attended the trial in Jerusalem, unlike Arendt, Stangneth portrays Eichmann as a key "actor" in the events of World War II, and more importantly, as someone aware of and convinced of his ideas. According to Stangneth, Eichmann is not such a “banal” figure as he appeared during the trial; she demonstrates this through various new pieces of evidence, particularly the so-called Sassen interviews. This thesis, therefore, intends to compare the two works, produced by two thinkers who lived in different eras and had completely different life experiences. By delving into the ethical and philosophical implications of both interpretations, the thesis aims to reflect on moral and individual responsibility in mass crimes.
Questa tesi si propone di analizzare il processo ad Adolf Eichmann attraverso due prospettive diametralmente opposte. La prima è quella offerta da Hannah Arendt nel suo libro “La banalità del male. Eichmann a Gerusalemme”, nel quale descrive Eichmann come un grigio burocrate dedito ad eseguire gli ordini impartiti dall’alto, in modo passivo e irresponsabile e a seguito di ciò sviluppa la teoria della “banalità del male”. La seconda visione è quella proposta da Bettina Stangneth nel suo libro “La verità del male. Eichmann prima di Gerusalemme”: è una visione totalmente differente e più articolata di quella della Arendt. Stangneth, nonostante non abbia partecipato al processo tenutosi a Gerusalemme, al contrario di Arendt, ci descrive Eichmann come un “attore” importante di ciò che è avvenuto durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, ma soprattutto lo descrive come consapevole e convinto delle sue idee. Quindi per Stangneth lui non è una figura così “banale” come invece apparì durante il processo; ciò riesce a dimostrarlo con diverse nuove prove, in particolare le cosiddette interviste di Sassen. Questa tesi, quindi, intende mettere a confronto le due opere, derivanti da due pensatrici vissute in epoche diverse e con trascorsi di vita totalmente diversi. Approfondendo le implicazioni etiche e filosofiche delle due interpretazioni, la tesi si propone di riflettere sulla responsabilità morale e individuale nei crimini di massa.
La banalità e la verità del male: il caso Eichmann nelle opere di Hannah Arendt e Bettina Stangneth
CONTESSI, CORINNE
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyze the trial of Adolf Eichmann through two diametrically opposed perspectives. The first is offered by Hannah Arendt in her book “Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil”, in which she describes Eichmann as a dull bureaucrat, devoted to carrying out orders from above in a passive and irresponsible manner. From this, she develops the theory of the “banality of evil”. The second perspective is presented by Bettina Stangneth in her book “Eichmann Before Jerusalem: The Unexamined Life of a Mass Murderer”. Stangneth offers a vision that is entirely different and more complex than Arendt’s. Despite not having attended the trial in Jerusalem, unlike Arendt, Stangneth portrays Eichmann as a key "actor" in the events of World War II, and more importantly, as someone aware of and convinced of his ideas. According to Stangneth, Eichmann is not such a “banal” figure as he appeared during the trial; she demonstrates this through various new pieces of evidence, particularly the so-called Sassen interviews. This thesis, therefore, intends to compare the two works, produced by two thinkers who lived in different eras and had completely different life experiences. By delving into the ethical and philosophical implications of both interpretations, the thesis aims to reflect on moral and individual responsibility in mass crimes.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/76947