PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. The purpose of the thesis was to perform a review of the literature regarding the side effects of head and neck cancer treatments on the oral cavity, analyzing the various treatment options described by proposing a protocol for the management of cancer patients where the nurse plays a major role. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A search of the scientific literature was performed with the aim of selecting relevant articles, given that patients often present in an advanced state of pathology, oncologic surgery of the head and neck district is extremely invasive that dealt with the effects of treatments on the oral cavity, with particular regard to the development of mucositis, candidiasis, salivary pH changes, lockjaw, fibrosis, and oral biofilm change. We used PubMed and MedLine as a search engine using a combination of keywords that included: head and neck cancer, head and neck tumor surgery, radiotherapy, mucositis, candida, dental care, dental hygiene, epidemiology, oral microbiome, biofilm, lockjaw, fibrosis, saliva pH. RESULTS. A total of 364 articles from 1990 to 2024 were identified. From the 364 articles, those with little relevance or not in English or Italian were excluded. A total of 148 articles were then selected and analyzed. A management protocol for the oncology patient divided into two phases: hospital and home care was proposed, taking into account current ADI care. CONCLUSIONS. Despite the implementation of new surgical techniques, recent protocols and new radiation methods of IMRT some side effects cannot be avoided. The alteration of one's image, the presence of invasive devices, and the inability to articulate words correctly, associated with the negative emotional states normally related to cancer, can create doubt, anxiety, and stress in patients and therefore constant monitoring is the responsibility of nurses. Prevention education, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, speech therapy, constant motivation, and oral hygiene instruction are essential to associate a good treatment outcome with the patient's best quality of life. The role of the nurse is crucial because he or she accompanies the patient throughout the therapeutic journey, becoming an empathic figure of caring and comforting reference for the patient.
SCOPO DELLO STUDIO. Lo scopo della tesi è stato di eseguire una revisione della letteratura riguardante gli effetti collaterali dei trattamenti dei tumori testa-collo sul cavo orale, analizzando le varie opzioni terapeutiche descritte proponendo un protocollo di gestione dei pazienti oncologici dove l’Infermiere ha un ruolo di rilievo. MATERIALI E METODI. È stata eseguita una ricerca della letteratura scientifica con lo scopo di selezionare articoli rilevanti, dato che spesso i pazienti si presentano in uno stato avanzato della patologia, la chirurgia oncologica del distretto testa-collo è estremamente invasiva che trattassero gli effetti dei trattamenti sul cavo orale, con particolare riguardo allo sviluppo di mucositi, candidosi, alterazioni del pH salivare, trisma, fibrosi e cambiamento del biofilm orale. Abbiamo utilizzato come motore di ricerca PubMed e MedLine usando una combinazione di parole chiave che comprendevano: head and neck cancer, head and neck tumor surgery, radio therapy, mucositis, candida, dental care, dental hygiene, epidemiology, oral microbioma, biofilm, trisma, fibrosis, saliva pH. RISULTATI. Sono stati individuati 364 articoli dal 1990 al 2024. Dai 364 articoli sono stati esclusi quelli poco pertinenti o non in lingua inglese o italiana. Sono stati quindi selezionati e analizzati 148 articoli. È stato proposto un protocollo di gestione del paziente oncologico suddiviso in due fasi: ospedaliero e domiciliare tenendo conto della attuale assistenza ADI. CONCLUSIONI. Nonostante l’attuazione di nuove tecniche chirurgiche, dei recenti protocolli e di nuove metodologie di radiazione della IMRT alcuni effetti collaterali non possono essere evitati. L’alterazione della propria immagine, la presenza di dispositivi invasivi e l’impossibilità di articolare correttamente le parole, associati agli stati emozionali negativi normalmente correlati al cancro, possono creare dubbi, ansia e stress nei pazienti e pertanto il costante monitoraggio spetta agli infermieri. L’educazione alla prevenzione, la riabilitazione, la fisioterapia, la logopedia, la motivazione costante e l’istruzione all’igiene orale sono fondamentali per associare a un buon outcome terapeutico la miglior qualità di vita del paziente. Il ruolo dell’infermiere è fondamentale perché accompagna il paziente durante tutto il percorso terapeutico diventando per lui una figura empatica di riferimento assistenziale e di conforto.
I tumori del cavo orale da malattia rara a patologia diffusa: revisione della letteratura e linee guida per la gestione infermieristica
SPARACIO, LEOLUCA
2023/2024
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. The purpose of the thesis was to perform a review of the literature regarding the side effects of head and neck cancer treatments on the oral cavity, analyzing the various treatment options described by proposing a protocol for the management of cancer patients where the nurse plays a major role. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A search of the scientific literature was performed with the aim of selecting relevant articles, given that patients often present in an advanced state of pathology, oncologic surgery of the head and neck district is extremely invasive that dealt with the effects of treatments on the oral cavity, with particular regard to the development of mucositis, candidiasis, salivary pH changes, lockjaw, fibrosis, and oral biofilm change. We used PubMed and MedLine as a search engine using a combination of keywords that included: head and neck cancer, head and neck tumor surgery, radiotherapy, mucositis, candida, dental care, dental hygiene, epidemiology, oral microbiome, biofilm, lockjaw, fibrosis, saliva pH. RESULTS. A total of 364 articles from 1990 to 2024 were identified. From the 364 articles, those with little relevance or not in English or Italian were excluded. A total of 148 articles were then selected and analyzed. A management protocol for the oncology patient divided into two phases: hospital and home care was proposed, taking into account current ADI care. CONCLUSIONS. Despite the implementation of new surgical techniques, recent protocols and new radiation methods of IMRT some side effects cannot be avoided. The alteration of one's image, the presence of invasive devices, and the inability to articulate words correctly, associated with the negative emotional states normally related to cancer, can create doubt, anxiety, and stress in patients and therefore constant monitoring is the responsibility of nurses. Prevention education, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, speech therapy, constant motivation, and oral hygiene instruction are essential to associate a good treatment outcome with the patient's best quality of life. The role of the nurse is crucial because he or she accompanies the patient throughout the therapeutic journey, becoming an empathic figure of caring and comforting reference for the patient.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77108