Introduction: Autism, also known as, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulty in communication, social interaction, with the presence of repetitive behaviors, restricted interests and sensory dysfunction. Children with this diagnosis often tend to experience difficulties in processing and responding to sensory stimuli. This issue is particularly relevant, because it significantly affects well-being and daily life. In the last decade, there has been a growing attention of professionals with respect to therapeutic strategies capable of increasing the quality of life of these children. Occupational therapy intervention, associated with sensory integration, is one of the issues examined. The occupational therapist can guide the child with ASD to discover the senses by acting as a facilitator especially where there is difficulty in integration, then going on to face obstacles through the use of strategies to develop new skills and reduce the impact of dysfunction. Purpose: The present thesis aims to explore the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention through the sensory integration approach in children with ASD. Materials and methods: Through the use of scientific search engines, keywords and search strings, a review of the literature was made. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were outlined and after careful evaluation six articles were considered. The selected studies were subjected to critical analysis through the use of the Critical Review Form – Quantitative Studies of McMaster University. Subsequently, the most relevant data that emerged from the research were presented and discussed. Finally, conclusions were drawn regarding the effectiveness of the intervention under study. Results: Of the six articles considered, 4 were successful and 2 were not statistically significant due to the limitations of the studies. The importance of a personalized intervention for the person and involving a multidisciplinary team must be taken into account. The results give voice to the fact that occupational therapy associated with sensory integration can lead to significant improvements in self-care, socialization, communication, participation, motivation, reduction of problem behaviors, interaction with the environment, processing skills and motor skills of children with autism. Conclusions: Finally, after a careful analysis of the results, it is understood how important sensory integration is for occupational therapists in the treatment of children with ASD, to improve the quality of life and well-being. However, further studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of these approaches and give further evidence of the validity of the intervention with sensory integration.
Introduzione: L’autismo, noto anche come, Disturbo dello Spettro Autistico (ASD), è un disturbo del neurosviluppo che si caratterizza per la difficoltà nella comunicazione, nell’interazione sociale, con presenza di comportamenti ripetitivi, interessi ristretti e disfunzione sensoriale. I bambini con tale diagnosi tendono spesso a sperimentare difficoltà nel processamento e risposta allo stimolo sensoriale. Questo influisce in maniera significativa sul benessere e sulla vita quotidiana. Nell’ultimo decennio c’è stata un’attenzione crescente dei professionisti rispetto alle strategie terapeutiche in grado di aumentare la qualità della vita di questi bambini. L’intervento di terapia occupazionale, associato all’integrazione sensoriale, è una delle questioni prese in esame. Il terapista occupazionale può guidare il bambino con ASD alla scoperta dei sensi ponendosi come facilitatore soprattutto dove c’è difficoltà nell’integrazione, andando poi ad affrontare gli ostacoli attraverso l’utilizzo di strategie per sviluppare nuove abilità e ridurre l’impatto della disfunzione. Scopo: La presente tesi si propone di esplorare l’efficacia dell'intervento di terapia occupazionale attraverso l'approccio di integrazione sensoriale nei bambini con ASD. Materiali e metodi: Attraverso l’utilizzo di motori di ricerca scientifici, parole chiave e stringhe di ricerca è stata fatta una revisione della letteratura. Sono stati delineati i criteri di inclusione ed esclusione e dopo un’attenta valutazione sono stati presi in considerazione sei articoli. Gli studi selezionati sono stati sottoposti ad analisi critica tramite l’utilizzo della Critical Review Form – Quantitative Studies della McMaster University. Successivamente i dati più rilevanti emersi dalla ricerca sono stati presentati e discussi. Infine, sono state tratte le conclusioni relative all’efficacia dell’intervento oggetto di studio. Risultati: Dei sei articoli presi in considerazione, 4 hanno avuto esito positivo e 2 non statisticamente significativo a causa delle limitazioni degli studi. Bisogna tener conto dell’importanza di un intervento personalizzato per la persona e che coinvolga un team multidisciplinare. I risultati danno voce al fatto che, la terapia occupazionale associata all'integrazione sensoriale, può portare a miglioramenti significativi nella cura di sé, nella socializzazione, nella comunicazione, nella partecipazione, nella motivazione, nella riduzione dei comportamenti problema, nell’interazione con l’ambiente, nelle capacità di elaborazione e nelle abilità motorie dei bambini con autismo. Conclusioni: Infine, dopo un’attenta analisi dei risultati, si comprende quanto l’integrazione sensoriale sia importante per i terapisti occupazionali nel trattamento con bambini con ASD, per migliorare la qualità di vita e benessere. Sono necessari però ulteriori studi per verificare l'efficacia di questi approcci e dare ulteriore prova di validità dell’intervento con integrazione sensoriale.
L’efficacia dell’intervento di terapia occupazionale attraverso il metodo dell’integrazione sensoriale nei bambini affetti da autismo. Una revisione della letteratura.
FALCADE DE BORTOLI, ALICE
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Autism, also known as, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by difficulty in communication, social interaction, with the presence of repetitive behaviors, restricted interests and sensory dysfunction. Children with this diagnosis often tend to experience difficulties in processing and responding to sensory stimuli. This issue is particularly relevant, because it significantly affects well-being and daily life. In the last decade, there has been a growing attention of professionals with respect to therapeutic strategies capable of increasing the quality of life of these children. Occupational therapy intervention, associated with sensory integration, is one of the issues examined. The occupational therapist can guide the child with ASD to discover the senses by acting as a facilitator especially where there is difficulty in integration, then going on to face obstacles through the use of strategies to develop new skills and reduce the impact of dysfunction. Purpose: The present thesis aims to explore the effectiveness of occupational therapy intervention through the sensory integration approach in children with ASD. Materials and methods: Through the use of scientific search engines, keywords and search strings, a review of the literature was made. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were outlined and after careful evaluation six articles were considered. The selected studies were subjected to critical analysis through the use of the Critical Review Form – Quantitative Studies of McMaster University. Subsequently, the most relevant data that emerged from the research were presented and discussed. Finally, conclusions were drawn regarding the effectiveness of the intervention under study. Results: Of the six articles considered, 4 were successful and 2 were not statistically significant due to the limitations of the studies. The importance of a personalized intervention for the person and involving a multidisciplinary team must be taken into account. The results give voice to the fact that occupational therapy associated with sensory integration can lead to significant improvements in self-care, socialization, communication, participation, motivation, reduction of problem behaviors, interaction with the environment, processing skills and motor skills of children with autism. Conclusions: Finally, after a careful analysis of the results, it is understood how important sensory integration is for occupational therapists in the treatment of children with ASD, to improve the quality of life and well-being. However, further studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of these approaches and give further evidence of the validity of the intervention with sensory integration.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77122