Aim: to investigate the usefulness of the intervention of occupational therapy in a CSA (Senior Service Center) in alleviating the psycho-behavioural disorders manifested by elderly people with dementia and consequently in decreasing the health care assistants’ burden. Materials and methods: at first, the elderly with dementia who manifested psycho-behavioural disorders and whose care management was difficult were identified. Subsequently, the sample of health care assistants involved in their primary care was recruited. The latter were given a self-perception questionnaire regarding care overload, starting from the one designed by occupational therapist Dr. Alessia Pedol, to which three questions concerning the knowledge of occupational therapy in the management of the elderly person with dementia, the effectiveness of the treatment carried out and the usefulness of the figure of the O.T. within geriatric facilities were added. Afterward, from the observation of problematic caregiving activities, an occupational therapy intervention aimed at playing a supportive role to the figure of the formal caregiver was implemented. The treatment included changes regarding the physical and social context: the environment was adapted and the caregivers were provided with strategies to manage activities and interactions with the residents. Results: only 16 health care assistants completed the post-intervention questionnaire out of the 25 recruited at the beginning of treatment. The data obtained from the questionnaire show positive changes in some items: there is evidence of an increased sense of competence and satisfaction in performing the role of a caregiver and an increase in the use of strategies to manage BPSD, of which most health care assistants report their effectiveness. In addition, the solutions adopted appear to be more centered on the elderly person's needs and interests, attributing greater importance to the individual employment history. Furthermore, most operators declare the effectiveness of the intervention carried out in decreasing BPSD and the resulting care burden, and many consider the O.T. to be a rehabilitative figure supporting the care team within geriatric facilities. Conclusions: The results that emerged testify the usefulness of occupational therapy in supporting the figure of the formal caregiver and in caring for the elderly person with dementia. In the future, it would be relevant to conduct a further study to attest the validity of the intervention performed and to organize training meetings with the caregivers to enable them to understand the support that the O.T. can provide to the formal caregiver.
Obiettivo: rilevare l’utilità dell’intervento di terapia occupazionale in un CSA (Centro Servizi per Anziani) nell’attenuare i disturbi psico-comportamentali manifestati dall’anziano con demenza e nel diminuire il conseguente carico assistenziale da parte degli operatori socio-sanitari. Materiali e metodi: in un primo momento sono stati individuati gli anziani con demenza che manifestavano disturbi psico-comportamentali e la cui gestione assistenziale risultava difficoltosa. Successivamente è stato reclutato il campione di operatori socio-sanitari coinvolti nella loro assistenza di base. A questi ultimi è stato somministrato un questionario di auto-percezione relativo al sovraccarico assistenziale, a partire da quello ideato dalla terapista occupazionale dott.ssa Alessia Pedol, a cui sono stati aggiunti tre quesiti riguardanti la conoscenza della terapia occupazionale nella gestione dell’anziano con demenza, l’efficacia del trattamento svolto e l’utilità della figura del T.O. all’interno delle strutture geriatriche. In seguito, dall’osservazione delle attività assistenziali problematiche, è stato implementato un intervento di terapia occupazionale volto a svolgere un’azione di supporto alla figura del caregiver formale. Il trattamento ha previsto modifiche riguardanti il contesto fisico e sociale: è stato adattato l’ambiente e sono state fornite agli operatori delle strategie per gestire le attività e le interazioni con gli ospiti. Risultati: solo 16 operatori socio-sanitari hanno compilato il questionario post-intervento, rispetto ai 25 reclutati all'inizio del trattamento. I dati ricavati dal questionario mostrano cambiamenti positivi in alcuni items: si evidenzia un aumento del senso di competenza e di soddisfazione nell’esercitare il ruolo di operatore e un incremento dell’utilizzo di strategie per gestire i BPSD, di cui la maggior parte degli O.S.S. ne dichiara l’efficacia. Inoltre le soluzioni adottate risultano più centrate sui bisogni e interessi della persona anziana, attribuendo una maggiore importanza alla storia occupazionale del singolo ospite. In aggiunta gran parte degli operatori dichiara l’efficacia dell’intervento effettuato nel diminuire i BPSD e il conseguente carico assistenziale, e in molti ritengono il T.O. una figura riabilitativa di supporto all’équipe di cura all’interno delle strutture geriatriche. Conclusioni: I risultati emersi testimoniano l’utilità che riveste la terapia occupazionale nel sostenere la figura del caregiver formale e nell’assistenza all’anziano con demenza. In futuro sarebbe rilevante condurre un ulteriore studio per attestare la validità dell’intervento eseguito e organizzare degli incontri formativi con gli operatori per consentire loro di comprendere il supporto che il T.O. può fornire alla figura del caregiver formale.
L'efficacia della Terapia Occupazionale in un CSA (Centro Servizi per Anziani) nella gestione dei disturbi psico-comportamentali di anziani con demenza e del carico assistenziale dei loro caregiver formali: uno studio osservazionale.
MARINO, FRANCESCA ROMANA
2023/2024
Abstract
Aim: to investigate the usefulness of the intervention of occupational therapy in a CSA (Senior Service Center) in alleviating the psycho-behavioural disorders manifested by elderly people with dementia and consequently in decreasing the health care assistants’ burden. Materials and methods: at first, the elderly with dementia who manifested psycho-behavioural disorders and whose care management was difficult were identified. Subsequently, the sample of health care assistants involved in their primary care was recruited. The latter were given a self-perception questionnaire regarding care overload, starting from the one designed by occupational therapist Dr. Alessia Pedol, to which three questions concerning the knowledge of occupational therapy in the management of the elderly person with dementia, the effectiveness of the treatment carried out and the usefulness of the figure of the O.T. within geriatric facilities were added. Afterward, from the observation of problematic caregiving activities, an occupational therapy intervention aimed at playing a supportive role to the figure of the formal caregiver was implemented. The treatment included changes regarding the physical and social context: the environment was adapted and the caregivers were provided with strategies to manage activities and interactions with the residents. Results: only 16 health care assistants completed the post-intervention questionnaire out of the 25 recruited at the beginning of treatment. The data obtained from the questionnaire show positive changes in some items: there is evidence of an increased sense of competence and satisfaction in performing the role of a caregiver and an increase in the use of strategies to manage BPSD, of which most health care assistants report their effectiveness. In addition, the solutions adopted appear to be more centered on the elderly person's needs and interests, attributing greater importance to the individual employment history. Furthermore, most operators declare the effectiveness of the intervention carried out in decreasing BPSD and the resulting care burden, and many consider the O.T. to be a rehabilitative figure supporting the care team within geriatric facilities. Conclusions: The results that emerged testify the usefulness of occupational therapy in supporting the figure of the formal caregiver and in caring for the elderly person with dementia. In the future, it would be relevant to conduct a further study to attest the validity of the intervention performed and to organize training meetings with the caregivers to enable them to understand the support that the O.T. can provide to the formal caregiver.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77127