Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as a set of pathological clinical conditions that involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the associated musculoskeletal structures and the musculature of the masticatory system. For the management of these problems, physiotherapy represents one of the viable options and in recent years, on the basis of the neurophysiological and biomechanical relationships between the TMJ and the cervical spine, numerous studies have linked the dysfunctions of these two districts. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate, in light of current scientific evidence, the effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment aimed at the cervical spine in comparison with other conservative interventions applied to an adult population suffering from TMDs, in terms of reduction of painful symptoms and improvement of mandibular function. Materials and methods: The literature review was performed by consulting the PubMed, PEDro and Cochrane Library databases, using specific keywords and MeSH terms. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English or Italian from 2009 to 06/12/2024 were selected, in which any physiotherapeutic intervention was administered to the structures of the cervical spine in adult patients suffering from TMD. The studies had to compare the integration of this therapeutic approach with other conservative treatment modalities, using outcomes to measure painful symptoms and jaw function. Results: Following the search, 7 RTCs were examined, as they met the eligibility criteria. In the studies analyzed, orofacial pain was assessed with the NPRS and VAS scales, reporting improvements and statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in most of them. The evaluation of pain pressure thresholds (PPT) however did not report any significant changes between them. Mandibular function, assessed by measuring the ROM in maximum mouth opening (MMO) and in two studies using the “JFLS” and “MFIQ” questionnaires, showed positive differences between the groups. However, these were not broad and precise enough to be considered statistically significant. Conclusion: The results emerging from this literature review, although not always univocal, highlight that specific interventions such as mobilization of the upper cervical spine can reduce orofacial pain and slightly improve mandibular function in the short term. However, the variability in the protocols used by the studies and the lack of adequate follow-up make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of these treatments. Further studies of high methodological quality will therefore be necessary to offer a clearer picture regarding the effectiveness of this integrated approach in the management of temporomandibular disorders.
Backgorund: I disturbi temporo-mandibolari (TMD) vengono definiti come un insieme di condizioni cliniche patologiche che coinvolgono l’articolazione temporomandibolare (ATM), le strutture muscolo-scheletriche associate e la muscolatura del sistema masticatorio. Per la gestione di queste problematiche la fisioterapia rappresenta una delle strade percorribili e negli ultimi anni, sulla base delle relazioni neurofisiologiche e biomeccaniche tra ATM e rachide cervicale, numerosi studi hanno messo in relazione le disfunzioni di questi due distretti. Obiettivo: Il presente studio ha l’obiettivo di valutare, alla luce delle attuali evidenze scientifiche, l’efficacia del trattamento fisioterapico rivolto al rachide cervicale a confronto con altri interventi di tipo conservativo applicati ad una popolazione adulta affetta da TMD, in termini di riduzione della sintomatologia dolorosa e miglioramento della funzionalità mandibolare. Materiali e metodi: La revisione della letteratura è stata eseguita consultando le banche dati di PubMed, PEDro e Cochrane Library, utilizzando parole chiave specifiche e termini MeSH. Sono stati selezionati trials clinici randomizzati (RCTs) pubblicati in lingua inglese o italiana dal 2009 al 12/06/2024, nei quali venisse somministrato un qualsiasi intervento fisioterapico alle strutture del rachide cervicale in pazienti adulti affetti da TMD. Gli studi dovevano confrontare l’integrazione di questo approccio terapeutico con altre modalità di trattamento conservativo, utilizzando indici di outcomes per misurare la sintomatologia dolorosa e la funzionalità mandibolare. Risultati: A seguito della ricerca 7 RTC sono stati presi in esame, in quanto idonei ai criteri di eleggibilità. Negli studi analizzati il dolore orofacciale è stato valutato con le scale NPRS e VAS, riportando nella maggior parte di essi miglioramenti e differenze statisticamente significative tra i gruppi d’intervento e quelli di controllo. La valutazione delle soglie di pressione al dolore (PPT) invece non ha riportato alcun cambiamento significativo tra di essi. La funzionalità mandibolare, valutata misurando il ROM in massima apertura della bocca (MMO) e in due studi tramite i questionari “JFLS” e “MFIQ”, ha mostrato differenze positive tra i gruppi. Tuttavia queste non sono risultate abbastanza ampie e precise per essere considerate statisticamente significative. Conclusioni: I risultati emersi dalla presente revisione della letteratura, seppur non sempre univoci, evidenziano che specifici interventi come la mobilizzazione del rachide cervicale superiore possono ridurre il dolore oro-facciale e migliorare lievemente la funzionalità mandibolare nel breve termine. Tuttavia, la variabilità nei protocolli utilizzati dagli studi e la mancanza di follow-up adeguati, rendono difficile trarre conclusioni definitive sull’efficacia di questi trattamenti. Ulteriori studi di alta qualità metodologica saranno quindi necessari per offrire un quadro più chiaro riguardo l’efficacia di questo approccio integrato nella gestione dei disturbi temporomandibolari.
PUO' IL TRATTAMENTO DEL RACHIDE CERVICALE MIGLIORARE IL DOLORE E LA FUNZIONALITA' DELL'ATM IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA DISTURBI TEMPOROMANDIBOLARI?: REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA
PIOVESAN, SAMUELE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as a set of pathological clinical conditions that involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the associated musculoskeletal structures and the musculature of the masticatory system. For the management of these problems, physiotherapy represents one of the viable options and in recent years, on the basis of the neurophysiological and biomechanical relationships between the TMJ and the cervical spine, numerous studies have linked the dysfunctions of these two districts. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate, in light of current scientific evidence, the effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment aimed at the cervical spine in comparison with other conservative interventions applied to an adult population suffering from TMDs, in terms of reduction of painful symptoms and improvement of mandibular function. Materials and methods: The literature review was performed by consulting the PubMed, PEDro and Cochrane Library databases, using specific keywords and MeSH terms. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English or Italian from 2009 to 06/12/2024 were selected, in which any physiotherapeutic intervention was administered to the structures of the cervical spine in adult patients suffering from TMD. The studies had to compare the integration of this therapeutic approach with other conservative treatment modalities, using outcomes to measure painful symptoms and jaw function. Results: Following the search, 7 RTCs were examined, as they met the eligibility criteria. In the studies analyzed, orofacial pain was assessed with the NPRS and VAS scales, reporting improvements and statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in most of them. The evaluation of pain pressure thresholds (PPT) however did not report any significant changes between them. Mandibular function, assessed by measuring the ROM in maximum mouth opening (MMO) and in two studies using the “JFLS” and “MFIQ” questionnaires, showed positive differences between the groups. However, these were not broad and precise enough to be considered statistically significant. Conclusion: The results emerging from this literature review, although not always univocal, highlight that specific interventions such as mobilization of the upper cervical spine can reduce orofacial pain and slightly improve mandibular function in the short term. However, the variability in the protocols used by the studies and the lack of adequate follow-up make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of these treatments. Further studies of high methodological quality will therefore be necessary to offer a clearer picture regarding the effectiveness of this integrated approach in the management of temporomandibular disorders.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77157