This thesis examines one of the most significant events in the history of South Asia: the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. The conflict originated from the deep economic, social, and linguistic inequalities between West Pakistan and East Pakistan. To fully understand the dynamics of this event, it is essential to explore the preceding historical context, starting with independence from British rule, through the first two Indo-Pakistani wars over control of Kashmir, and leading up to the 1970 elections. In these elections, the Awami League, representing East Pakistan and advocating for independence, won a decisive victory. However, these demands were brutally rejected by the central government of Pakistan, sparking a civil war. The humanitarian crisis, with millions of refugees fleeing to India, and India's geopolitical interests turned the internal conflict into the third Indo-Pakistani war. The final outcome was the defeat of West Pakistan and the declaration of independence for East Pakistan as a new state, Bangladesh. Through a historical and political analysis, this thesis examines the internal dynamics, international influences, and the consequences of the conflict that reshaped the political landscape of the Asian subcontinent.
Questa tesi analizza uno degli eventi più cruciali nella storia dell'Asia meridionale: la guerra indo-pakistana del 1971, che portò alla nascita del Bangladesh. Il conflitto ebbe origine dalle profonde disuguaglianze economiche, sociali e linguistiche tra il Pakistan occidentale e orientale. Per comprendere appieno le dinamiche di questo evento, è fondamentale esaminare il contesto storico antecedente, a partire dall'indipendenza dal dominio britannico, passando per le prime due guerre indo-pakistane per il controllo del Kashmir, fino alle elezioni del 1970. In queste elezioni, la Lega Awami, rappresentante il Pakistan orientale e portavoce delle rivendicazioni indipendentiste, ottenne una schiacciante vittoria. Tuttavia, tali rivendicazioni furono brutalmente respinte dal governo centrale pakistano, innescando una guerra civile. La crisi umanitaria, con milioni di rifugiati diretti verso l'India, e gli interessi indiani trasformarono il conflitto interno nella terza guerra indo-pakistana. Il risultato finale fu la sconfitta del Pakistan occidentale e la proclamazione dell'indipendenza del Pakistan orientale come nuovo Stato, il Bangladesh. Attraverso un'analisi storica e politica, la tesi esamina le dinamiche interne, le influenze internazionali e le conseguenze del conflitto che hanno ridisegnato l'assetto del subcontinente asiatico.
1971: LA TERZA GUERRA INDO-PAKISTANA E L'INDIPENDENZA DEL BANGLADESH
PONCIA, ROBERTO
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis examines one of the most significant events in the history of South Asia: the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. The conflict originated from the deep economic, social, and linguistic inequalities between West Pakistan and East Pakistan. To fully understand the dynamics of this event, it is essential to explore the preceding historical context, starting with independence from British rule, through the first two Indo-Pakistani wars over control of Kashmir, and leading up to the 1970 elections. In these elections, the Awami League, representing East Pakistan and advocating for independence, won a decisive victory. However, these demands were brutally rejected by the central government of Pakistan, sparking a civil war. The humanitarian crisis, with millions of refugees fleeing to India, and India's geopolitical interests turned the internal conflict into the third Indo-Pakistani war. The final outcome was the defeat of West Pakistan and the declaration of independence for East Pakistan as a new state, Bangladesh. Through a historical and political analysis, this thesis examines the internal dynamics, international influences, and the consequences of the conflict that reshaped the political landscape of the Asian subcontinent.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77370