Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml after childbirth, is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. For this reason, it's important to monitor the incidence of PPH and identify the most common risk factors in all hospitals. This is especially important in low-resource settings, where hospitals often lack the necessary tools to manage severe hemorrhages. Objective: This study aims to examine the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage at the St. Luke Hospital in Wolisso, Ethiopia, with a focus on the risk factors and main causes of the hemorrhages. It also evaluates how accurately healthcare workers visually estimate blood loss, with the goal of suggesting improvements in care to help prevent or reduce PPH in low-resource hospitals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from April to June 2024 at St. Luke Hospital in Wolisso, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 42 women regarding their medical history, labor, and delivery in a pre-prepared chart. After each birth, healthcare workers first visually estimated the blood loss, and then it was measured using a graduated container to check the accuracy. Results: The data showed a high rate of PPH, with 47% of the women affected. It was also found that healthcare workers tend to underestimate the amount of blood lost, leading to a delay in detecting hemorrhages. The main causes of PPH were linked to trauma, especially from the use of episiotomy, and issues with improper or non-standardized management of the third stage of labor. Conclusion: To reduce the high incidence of PPH, it is essential to train healthcare providers on respecting the physiological timing of placental delivery and on the proper management of third- and fourth-degree tears, in order to limit the preventive and unnecessary use of episiotomy. Additionally, it is crucial to encourage a visual estimation of blood loss to detect postpartum hemorrhage early, ensuring that this estimation is accurately recorded in patient files and conducted as precisely as possible through regular training sessions. All these measures, combined with the introduction of a specific hospital protocol for managing PPH and an increase in postpartum monitoring, are fundamental steps to ensure more effective, safe, and consistent care for all patients.
Presupposti dello studio: L'emorragia post-partum (EPP), definita come una perdita ematica superiore a 500 ml dopo il parto, rappresenta la prima causa di mortalità materna a livello globale. Di conseguenza, monitorare l'incidenza dell'EPP e identificare i fattori di rischio più comuni risulta essenziale in ogni presidio ospedaliero e, in particolare, in quei contesti a basse risorse dove spesso mancano i mezzi necessari per gestire emorragie severe. Scopo: Questo studio si propone di analizzare l'incidenza dell'emorragia post-partum presso la sala parto del St. Luke Hospital di Wolisso, in Etiopia, con particolare attenzione ai fattori di rischio coinvolti e alle cause principali delle emorragie. Si è inoltre valutata l'accuratezza della stima visiva delle perdite ematiche da parte degli operatori sanitari, con l'obiettivo di proporre miglioramenti nell'assistenza per prevenire e/o limitare le EPP in un contesto ospedaliero a basse risorse. Materiali e metodi: Lo studio è stato condotto tra aprile e giugno 2024 presso il St. Luke Hospital di Wolisso, nella South West Shoa Zone, regione dell’Oromia, Etiopia. Sono state reclutate 42 donne, i cui dati relativi ad anamnesi, travaglio e parto sono stati raccolti in un'apposita tabella, creata in precedenza. Al fine di studiare gli obiettivi individuati, al termine di ogni parto le perdite ematiche sono state prima stimate visivamente dagli operatori sanitari e successivamente misurate utilizzando una caraffa graduata. Risultati: L'analisi dei dati ha evidenziato un alto tasso di EPP, pari al 47% delle donne osservate. È emerso inoltre che gli operatori tendono a sottostimare significativamente le perdite ematiche, non rilevando tempestivamente le emorragie. Le cause principali di EPP sono risultate associate a traumi, in particolare legati all'uso dell'episiotomia, e a problemi legati alla non corretta e non standardizzata gestione del terzo stadio del travaglio.
L’Emorragia post partum presso l’ospedale di Wolisso (Etiopia): incidenza, management e strategie per la sua prevenzione.
BURBELLO, IRENE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml after childbirth, is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. For this reason, it's important to monitor the incidence of PPH and identify the most common risk factors in all hospitals. This is especially important in low-resource settings, where hospitals often lack the necessary tools to manage severe hemorrhages. Objective: This study aims to examine the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage at the St. Luke Hospital in Wolisso, Ethiopia, with a focus on the risk factors and main causes of the hemorrhages. It also evaluates how accurately healthcare workers visually estimate blood loss, with the goal of suggesting improvements in care to help prevent or reduce PPH in low-resource hospitals. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted from April to June 2024 at St. Luke Hospital in Wolisso, South West Shoa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Data were collected from 42 women regarding their medical history, labor, and delivery in a pre-prepared chart. After each birth, healthcare workers first visually estimated the blood loss, and then it was measured using a graduated container to check the accuracy. Results: The data showed a high rate of PPH, with 47% of the women affected. It was also found that healthcare workers tend to underestimate the amount of blood lost, leading to a delay in detecting hemorrhages. The main causes of PPH were linked to trauma, especially from the use of episiotomy, and issues with improper or non-standardized management of the third stage of labor. Conclusion: To reduce the high incidence of PPH, it is essential to train healthcare providers on respecting the physiological timing of placental delivery and on the proper management of third- and fourth-degree tears, in order to limit the preventive and unnecessary use of episiotomy. Additionally, it is crucial to encourage a visual estimation of blood loss to detect postpartum hemorrhage early, ensuring that this estimation is accurately recorded in patient files and conducted as precisely as possible through regular training sessions. All these measures, combined with the introduction of a specific hospital protocol for managing PPH and an increase in postpartum monitoring, are fundamental steps to ensure more effective, safe, and consistent care for all patients.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77594