Background: At birth, newborns may face significant challenges in adapting to life outside the womb. Heart Rate (HR) is a key parameter that indicates how well the newborn is responding to this critical transition and whether resuscitative measures are necessary. Different methods for measuring HR are available, though each of them has notable limitations. Identifying an instrument that can measure neonatal HR quickly and accurately within the first minutes of life is therefore a crucial goal. Doppler Ultrasound (DU) is an established technology for measuring fetal HR, but its use for neonatal HR monitoring is still under investigation. Objective of the Study: The study aims to assess the relationship between Doppler Ultrasound and umbilical cord palpation as methods for detecting neonatal heart rate, with a view to the possible application of DU in settings such as the delivery room. The goal is to determine whether Doppler Ultrasound could replace the palpation method, which has long been considered not fully reliable. Materials and Methods: For this study, the materials used included a Doppler Ultrasound, a stopwatch, a data collection sheet, a sterile probe cover, and verbal parental consent. The study involved simultaneous HR measurements with both the Doppler Ultrasound and cord palpation at 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes after birth. Collected measurements, along with maternal and neonatal data, were recorded on a data collection sheet. The sample consisted of 20 term neonates born via both vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Results: The average HR measured by palpation at 60 seconds after birth was 140 bpm (IQR 100-190), at 3 minutes was 135 bpm (IQR 80-180), at 5 minutes was 123 bpm (IQR 85-150), and at 10 minutes was 133 bpm (IQR 100-150). Conversely, the average HR measured by Doppler Ultrasound was 167 bpm (IQR 138-200) at 60 seconds, 161 bpm (IQR 128-190) at 3 minutes, 157 bpm (IQR 80-190) at 5 minutes, and 162 bpm (IQR 136-190) at 10 minutes. The average difference between measurements was positive and exceeded 25 bpm. The agreement and correlation between the two methods were analyzed. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots, which showed a wide dispersion of differences between the two measurements and a large range between the limits of agreement. The correlation was defined through Pearson's correlation coefficient, resulting in a moderate positive correlation of 0.341337. These findings, supported by the significant difference between measurements, highlight a poor agreement but a reasonable correlation between the two methods. Conclusions: The study results demonstrated that Doppler Ultrasound and palpation show significant variability. The good correlation and the low agreement between the two methods indicate that DU and palpation vary in similar ways but do not fully agree. Therefore, a further comparative study between these methods and ECG, defined as the gold standard, is necessary to determine which of the two analysed techniques is more reliable and accurate.
Background: Al momento della nascita il neonato può affrontare delle grosse difficoltà di adattamento alla vita extra-uterina. La Frequenza Cardiaca è il parametro che ci indica come il neonato sta rispondendo a questa importante transizione e quindi, se necessita di manovre di rianimazione. Esistono diversi metodi di rilevazione di questo parametro che però presentano importanti limiti nel loro utilizzo. Trovare uno strumento che ci permetta di misurare la frequenza cardiaca del neonato in modo accurato e anche rapido nei primi minuti di vita, è un importante obiettivo. Il Doppler Ultrasound è una tecnologia già affermata come metodo di rilevazione della frequenza cardiaca del feto, ma che è attualmente in fase di studio per la frequenza cardiaca nei neonati. Scopo dello studio: Lo studio ha lo scopo di valutare la relazione tra il Doppler Ultrasound e la palpazione del cordone ombelicale, come metodi di rilevazione della frequenza cardiaca nel neonato nei primi minuti di vita, per una possibile applicazione del DU in un contesto come la sala parto. L’obiettivo finale è quindi verificare se il Doppler Ultrasound possa andare a sostituire il metodo della palpazione, già da tempo definito non completamente affidabile. Materiale e metodi: Durante questo studio gli strumenti utilizzati sono stati: l’Ultrasound Doppler, un orologio, che segna i secondi, una scheda raccolta dati, un copri-sonda sterile e il consenso verbale dei genitori. Lo studio prevede la misurazione della frequenza cardiaca contemporaneamente con il Doppler Ultrasound e la palpazione del cordone a 1 minuto dalla nascita, a 3 min, a 5 min e a 10 min. Le misurazioni raccolte insieme ai dati materni e neonatali sono stati inseriti in una scheda raccolta dati. Il campione prevede 20 neonati nati a termine sia da parto vaginale sia da parto cesareo. Risultati: La frequenza media rilevata a 60 secondi dalla nascita attraverso il metodo della palpazione è di 140 bpm (IQR 100-190), a 3 minuti di 135 bpm (IQR 80-180), a 5 minuti di 123 bpm (IQR 85-150) e a 10 minuti di 133 (IQR 100-150). La frequenza cardiaca media rilevata, invece, attraverso lo strumento del Doppler Ultrasound a 60 secondi è di 167 bpm (IQR 138-200), a 3 minuti di 161 bpm (IQR 128-190), a 5 minuti di 157 bpm (IQR 80- 190) e a 10 minuti di 162 bpm (IQR 136-190). La differenza media tra le misurazioni risulta positiva e superiore a 25 bpm. Sono stati studiati l’agreement e la correlazione tra i due metodi. La prima è stata analizzata tramite l’interpretazione dei grafici di Bland-Altman, che hanno mostrato una estesa dispersione delle differenze tra le due misurazioni e un ampio range tra i limiti di accordo. La correlazione è stata definita attraverso la Correlazione di Pearson, che è risultata uguale a 0,341337, quindi positiva moderata. Questi dati, supportati dalla grande differenza tra le misurazioni, evidenziano una scarsa concordanza e una buona correlazione tra i due metodi. Conclusioni: I risultati ottenuti dallo studio hanno dimostrato che il Doppler Ultrasound e la palpazione presentano una grande variabilità. La buona correlazione e la bassa concordanza tra i due metodi spiegano che il DU e la palpazione variano allo stesso modo, ma non sono in accordo tra di loro. È necessario, dunque, un ulteriore studio di confronto tra questi metodi con l’ECG, definito come il Gold standard, per poter affermare quale tra le due tecniche analizzate sia la più affidabile e accurata.
Valutazione della frequenza cardiaca alla nascita: studio osservazionale con Doppler Ultrasound vs. Palpazione del cordone ombelicale
FAVARO, ALICE
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: At birth, newborns may face significant challenges in adapting to life outside the womb. Heart Rate (HR) is a key parameter that indicates how well the newborn is responding to this critical transition and whether resuscitative measures are necessary. Different methods for measuring HR are available, though each of them has notable limitations. Identifying an instrument that can measure neonatal HR quickly and accurately within the first minutes of life is therefore a crucial goal. Doppler Ultrasound (DU) is an established technology for measuring fetal HR, but its use for neonatal HR monitoring is still under investigation. Objective of the Study: The study aims to assess the relationship between Doppler Ultrasound and umbilical cord palpation as methods for detecting neonatal heart rate, with a view to the possible application of DU in settings such as the delivery room. The goal is to determine whether Doppler Ultrasound could replace the palpation method, which has long been considered not fully reliable. Materials and Methods: For this study, the materials used included a Doppler Ultrasound, a stopwatch, a data collection sheet, a sterile probe cover, and verbal parental consent. The study involved simultaneous HR measurements with both the Doppler Ultrasound and cord palpation at 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes after birth. Collected measurements, along with maternal and neonatal data, were recorded on a data collection sheet. The sample consisted of 20 term neonates born via both vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Results: The average HR measured by palpation at 60 seconds after birth was 140 bpm (IQR 100-190), at 3 minutes was 135 bpm (IQR 80-180), at 5 minutes was 123 bpm (IQR 85-150), and at 10 minutes was 133 bpm (IQR 100-150). Conversely, the average HR measured by Doppler Ultrasound was 167 bpm (IQR 138-200) at 60 seconds, 161 bpm (IQR 128-190) at 3 minutes, 157 bpm (IQR 80-190) at 5 minutes, and 162 bpm (IQR 136-190) at 10 minutes. The average difference between measurements was positive and exceeded 25 bpm. The agreement and correlation between the two methods were analyzed. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots, which showed a wide dispersion of differences between the two measurements and a large range between the limits of agreement. The correlation was defined through Pearson's correlation coefficient, resulting in a moderate positive correlation of 0.341337. These findings, supported by the significant difference between measurements, highlight a poor agreement but a reasonable correlation between the two methods. Conclusions: The study results demonstrated that Doppler Ultrasound and palpation show significant variability. The good correlation and the low agreement between the two methods indicate that DU and palpation vary in similar ways but do not fully agree. Therefore, a further comparative study between these methods and ECG, defined as the gold standard, is necessary to determine which of the two analysed techniques is more reliable and accurate.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77597