Background: The most recent literature states that, in Europe, approximately one in ten pregnancies is complicated by the onset of gestational diabetes. Data shows an increase of gestational diabetes in the last decades, mostly due to the increase of a more sedentary lifestyle or perhaps the changing of eating habits and/or the age increase of pregnant women. The most recent Italian Guidelines shows that physical activity during pregnancy is recommended for maternal and foetal well-being. However, studies that focuse on the risks and benefits are few and of little scientific relevance. Aim: The primary purpose of this research to ascertain whether the physical activity stipulated in the guidelines may be a protective factor for the onset of gestational diabetes. In addition, at a later stage it was examined if the onset of this condition may be related to the diagnosis of fetal macrosomia in the 2nd and 3rd trimester Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using a data collection from a validated questionnaire. Subjects included in the study were mothers on the first day after birth. Data were analysed using the chi-square method. Results: Through the analysis of the collected data, no statistical significance was demonstrated for the outcomes sought. However, it was statistically significant from the study that 60.7% (N=54) of those who took part in physical activity were nulliparous compared with 39.3% (N=35) who were pluriparous. Thus, a higher proportion of women, who didn’t have any children, practised physical activity. Of those who had not exercised, 46.3% (N=72) were nulliparous compared with 53.7% (N=62) who had a history of previous pregnancies (p-value 0.035). The same result was obtained from the analysis conducted by excluding patients with a history of major risk factors for the occurrence of gestational diabetes. In this case, 62.3% (N=48) of the cases in which physical activity was performed it was related to first pregnancies, while in 37.7% (N=29) previous pregnancies were present in the history. Of the patients who did not exercise, 45.1% (N=51) were nulliparous while 54.9% (N=62) have already given birth (p-value 0.020). Conclusions: The study’s results shows that it is not possible to state whether physical activity is a determining factor in preventing the onset of gestational diabetes and fetal macrosomia in women with a positive diagnosis. Studies that include more variables into account and considers a larger number of patients for a more accurate study of the outcomes sought is useful and desiderable. Keywords: pregnancy, gestational diabetes, exercise, macrosomia, surveys and questionnaires, fetal biometry
Background: La letteratura più recente afferma che, a livello europeo, circa una gravidanza su dieci è complicata dall’insorgenza di diabete gestazionale. Tale dato negli ultimi decenni presenta un trend in crescita, complice forse la maggior sedentarietà, il mutamento delle abitudini alimentari e l’innalzamento dell’età media delle gestanti. Le più recenti Linee Guida italiane dimostrano che nel corso della gravidanza è consigliato lo svolgimento di attività fisica per il benessere materno fetale. Tuttavia gli studi rivolti a valutare rischio/beneficio sono esigui e di poca rilevanza scientifica. Obiettivo: Lo scopo primario del presente elaborato è, dunque, quello di verificare se l’attività fisica prevista dalle Linee Guida può essere un fattore protettivo per l’insorgenza di diabete gestazionale. In aggiunta, in un momento a seguire è stata verificata se l’insorgenza di tale patologia può correlarsi alla diagnosi di macrosomia fetale nel 2° e 3° trimestre. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta un’indagine osservazionale retrospettiva, tramite una raccolta dati utilizzando un questionario validato. I soggetti inclusi nello studio erano puerpere in prima giornata post-parto. L’analisi dei dati è avvenuta tramite il metodo del chi-quadro. Risultati: Attraverso le analisi dei dati raccolti non è stata dimostrata alcuna significatività statistica per gli outcomes ricercati. Tuttavia, dallo studio è risultato in modo statisticamente significativo che il 60,7% (N=54) tra chi ha svolto attività fisica era nullipara contro il 39,3% (N=35) che era pluripara. Dunque, una percentuale maggiore di donne, che non aveva avuto figli, ha praticato attività fisica. Tra coloro che non avevano praticato esercizio fisico, il 46,3% (N=72) era nullipara contro il 53,7% (N=62) che aveva in anamnesi gravidanze precedenti (p-value 0.035). Il medesimo risultato è stato ottenuto dall’analisi condotta escludendo le pazienti che presentavano in anamnesi i fattori di rischio maggiori per l’insorgenza di diabete gestazionale. In questo caso nel 62,3% (N=48) dei casi in cui è stata svolta attività fisica si trattava della prima gravidanza mentre nel 37,7% (N=29) erano presenti in anamnesi gravidanze precedenti. Per quanto riguarda le pazienti che non hanno svolto alcun esercizio, il 45,1% (N=51) era nullipara mentre il 54,9% (N=62) aveva già partorito (p-value 0.020). Conclusioni: I risultati dello studio dimostrano che non è possibile affermare che l’attività fisica sia un fattore determinante per la prevenzione dell’insorgenza di diabete gestazionale e della macrosomia fetale in donne con diagnosi positiva. È utile e auspicabile una ricerca che tenga conto di maggiori variabili e prenda in considerazione un maggior numero di pazienti per uno studio più accurato degli outcomes ricercati. Parole chiave: pregnancy, gestational diabetes, exercise, macrosomia, surveys and questionnaires, fetal biometry
Il ruolo dell'attività fisica nella prevenzione dell'insorgenza del diabete gestazionale e delle sue complicanze. Uno studio osservazionale.
GASPARIN, ANNACLARA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: The most recent literature states that, in Europe, approximately one in ten pregnancies is complicated by the onset of gestational diabetes. Data shows an increase of gestational diabetes in the last decades, mostly due to the increase of a more sedentary lifestyle or perhaps the changing of eating habits and/or the age increase of pregnant women. The most recent Italian Guidelines shows that physical activity during pregnancy is recommended for maternal and foetal well-being. However, studies that focuse on the risks and benefits are few and of little scientific relevance. Aim: The primary purpose of this research to ascertain whether the physical activity stipulated in the guidelines may be a protective factor for the onset of gestational diabetes. In addition, at a later stage it was examined if the onset of this condition may be related to the diagnosis of fetal macrosomia in the 2nd and 3rd trimester Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted using a data collection from a validated questionnaire. Subjects included in the study were mothers on the first day after birth. Data were analysed using the chi-square method. Results: Through the analysis of the collected data, no statistical significance was demonstrated for the outcomes sought. However, it was statistically significant from the study that 60.7% (N=54) of those who took part in physical activity were nulliparous compared with 39.3% (N=35) who were pluriparous. Thus, a higher proportion of women, who didn’t have any children, practised physical activity. Of those who had not exercised, 46.3% (N=72) were nulliparous compared with 53.7% (N=62) who had a history of previous pregnancies (p-value 0.035). The same result was obtained from the analysis conducted by excluding patients with a history of major risk factors for the occurrence of gestational diabetes. In this case, 62.3% (N=48) of the cases in which physical activity was performed it was related to first pregnancies, while in 37.7% (N=29) previous pregnancies were present in the history. Of the patients who did not exercise, 45.1% (N=51) were nulliparous while 54.9% (N=62) have already given birth (p-value 0.020). Conclusions: The study’s results shows that it is not possible to state whether physical activity is a determining factor in preventing the onset of gestational diabetes and fetal macrosomia in women with a positive diagnosis. Studies that include more variables into account and considers a larger number of patients for a more accurate study of the outcomes sought is useful and desiderable. Keywords: pregnancy, gestational diabetes, exercise, macrosomia, surveys and questionnaires, fetal biometry| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Gasparin_Annaclara.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
2.2 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.2 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77598