ABSTRACT Background and Purpose of the Study This study stemmed from a desire to explore how pregnancy changes for competitive athletes, examining similarities and differences compared to women who are less active. We reviewed the available literature and noted a lack of reliable material, primarily due to the difficulty in finding a sufficient number of subjects for study. Despite this, we gathered as much data as possible with the help of athlete-mothers who shared their clinical and athletic experiences with us. The analysis of these data shaped the objective of this study: to provide practical advice to women and to offer useful information for healthcare professionals and athletic trainers to safely guide athletes through the nine months of pregnancy, as well as during their recovery and return to competitive sports. Materials and Methods The study involved 23 competitive athletes who became pregnant during their careers and came from various sports disciplines, recruited through online invitations. Data were collected through a 51-question survey, divided into sections on pregnancy and athletic activity, to investigate specific differences compared to non-athlete pregnancies, such as the incidence of perineal tears and breastfeeding-related complications. The data collection, conducted anonymously between May and September 2024, was analyzed using descriptive techniques and statistical tests, comparing the results with a control group of 115 non-athlete women. Results The study compares pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences between athletes and sedentary women, highlighting interesting differences. In general, athletes experience a more favorable pregnancy course, with lower risks of gestational diabetes and weight-related complications. However, they may face specific issues, such as pelvic floor hypertonicity, which can increase the likelihood of operative delivery. Additionally, athletes have a significantly higher chance of postpartum incontinence compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in breastfeeding. Regarding the return to competitive activities, athletes who did not plan their pregnancy tend to return sooner. Finally, the age of the athletes appears to play a role in perineal risks during the postpartum period, although the results are inconclusive and underline the need for further studies on larger samples. Conclusion Pregnancy for an athlete requires multidisciplinary planning to protect the health of both mother and child without compromising the athletic career. A team composed of gynecologists, midwives, athletic trainers, and nutritionists adapts training and nutrition to meet new physical demands, reducing the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes. Strengthening the pelvic floor, along with promoting its elasticity, is essential to prevent perineal issues and facilitate delivery. With a careful approach, it is possible for an athlete to experience a smooth pregnancy and return to competition promptly.
ABSTRACT Presupposti e scopo dello studio Questo studio è nato dal desiderio di approfondire come cambia la gravidanza per un’atleta agonista, esplorando somiglianze e differenze rispetto a quella di una donna meno attiva. Abbiamo analizzato la letteratura disponibile e constatato la carenza di materiale sicuro, principalmente dovuta alla difficoltà di reperire un numero sufficiente di soggetti per lo studio. Nonostante ciò, abbiamo raccolto il maggior numero possibile di dati grazie al contributo di mamme atlete che hanno condiviso con noi la loro esperienza clinica e sportiva. L'analisi di questi dati ha quindi dato forma all’obiettivo di questo studio: offrire consigli pratici alle donne e fornire informazioni utili a sanitari e preparatori atletici per guidare in sicurezza le atlete durante i nove mesi di gestazione e il successivo recupero e rientro in campo sportivo. Materiali e metodi Lo studio ha coinvolto 23 atlete agoniste incinte nel corso della carriera, provenienti da diversi sport, reclutate tramite inviti online. I dati sono stati raccolti tramite un questionario di 51 domande, suddiviso in sezioni sulla gravidanza e sull’attività sportiva, per indagare specifiche differenze rispetto a una gravidanza non atletica, come l'incidenza di lacerazioni perineali e complicazioni legate all'allattamento. La raccolta dati, anonima e svolta tra maggio e settembre 2024, è stata analizzata con tecniche descrittive e test statistici, confrontando i risultati con un gruppo di controllo di 115 donne non agoniste. Risultati Lo studio confronta gravidanza, parto e post-parto tra atlete e donne sedentarie, evidenziando differenze interessanti. In generale, le atlete godono di un decorso della gravidanza più favorevole, con minori rischi di diabete gestazionale e complicazioni legate al peso. Tuttavia, possono presentare problemi specifici come l’ipertonicità del pavimento pelvico, che può aumentare l’incidenza di parto operativo. Inoltre, le atlete hanno una probabilità significativamente maggiore di incontinenza post-parto rispetto al gruppo di controllo. Non emergono invece differenze significative nell’allattamento. Per quanto riguarda il ritorno all’attività agonistica, le atlete che non pianificano la gravidanza tendono a tornare prima. Infine, l’età delle atlete gioca un ruolo nei rischi legati al perineo nel post-parto, anche se i risultati non sono conclusivi e sottolineano la necessità di ulteriori studi su campioni più ampi. Conclusione La gravidanza per un’atleta richiede una pianificazione multidisciplinare per proteggere la salute di madre e bambino senza compromettere la carriera sportiva. Un team composto da ginecologi, ostetriche, preparatori atletici e nutrizionisti adatta allenamenti e nutrizione per rispondere alle nuove esigenze fisiche, riducendo il rischio di complicanze come il diabete gestazionale. Il rafforzamento del pavimento pelvico, unito alla sua elasticità, è essenziale per prevenire problemi perineali e facilitare il parto. Con un approccio attento, è possibile per un'atleta vivere una gravidanza serena e tornare presto a competere .
Dalla gravidanza al post-parto, un percorso più consapevole per le atlete d'elite
MEZZALIRA, ALESSIA
2023/2024
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and Purpose of the Study This study stemmed from a desire to explore how pregnancy changes for competitive athletes, examining similarities and differences compared to women who are less active. We reviewed the available literature and noted a lack of reliable material, primarily due to the difficulty in finding a sufficient number of subjects for study. Despite this, we gathered as much data as possible with the help of athlete-mothers who shared their clinical and athletic experiences with us. The analysis of these data shaped the objective of this study: to provide practical advice to women and to offer useful information for healthcare professionals and athletic trainers to safely guide athletes through the nine months of pregnancy, as well as during their recovery and return to competitive sports. Materials and Methods The study involved 23 competitive athletes who became pregnant during their careers and came from various sports disciplines, recruited through online invitations. Data were collected through a 51-question survey, divided into sections on pregnancy and athletic activity, to investigate specific differences compared to non-athlete pregnancies, such as the incidence of perineal tears and breastfeeding-related complications. The data collection, conducted anonymously between May and September 2024, was analyzed using descriptive techniques and statistical tests, comparing the results with a control group of 115 non-athlete women. Results The study compares pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences between athletes and sedentary women, highlighting interesting differences. In general, athletes experience a more favorable pregnancy course, with lower risks of gestational diabetes and weight-related complications. However, they may face specific issues, such as pelvic floor hypertonicity, which can increase the likelihood of operative delivery. Additionally, athletes have a significantly higher chance of postpartum incontinence compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in breastfeeding. Regarding the return to competitive activities, athletes who did not plan their pregnancy tend to return sooner. Finally, the age of the athletes appears to play a role in perineal risks during the postpartum period, although the results are inconclusive and underline the need for further studies on larger samples. Conclusion Pregnancy for an athlete requires multidisciplinary planning to protect the health of both mother and child without compromising the athletic career. A team composed of gynecologists, midwives, athletic trainers, and nutritionists adapts training and nutrition to meet new physical demands, reducing the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes. Strengthening the pelvic floor, along with promoting its elasticity, is essential to prevent perineal issues and facilitate delivery. With a careful approach, it is possible for an athlete to experience a smooth pregnancy and return to competition promptly.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/77601